Nomenclature and classification of the jeppeite group
摘要
The jeppeite group, approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA-CNMNC), comprises natural hexatitanate minerals with the general crystal-chemical formula VIIIA2VIM6O13. Currently, three species are recognised: jeppeite K2Ti6O13, nixonite Na2Ti6O13, and hopmannite Ba2(Ti5Fe)O13. In natural compositions, the polyhedral A site is occupied by the monovalent Na and K, and by the divalent Ba, Ca and Sr, whereas the octahedral M sites are predominantly occupied by Ti4+ with possible substitutions by Nb5+, Zr4+, Fe3+, V3+, Cr3+, Fe2+, Mg2+ or Mn2+. These compositional variations give rise to charge-balanced formula schemes, such as A2+M64+O13, characteristic for jeppeite and nixonite, and A22+(M54+M2+)Σ6O13, exemplified by hopmannite. Structurally, jeppeite-group minerals crystallise in the monoclinic system, space group C2/m. Their structure consists of an open framework built from zig-zag ribbons of MO6 octahedra. These corner-sharing ribbons form tunnels that are partially filled, up to two-thirds, by A-site cations. The abundance of synthetic analogues suggests significant potential for additional natural species, which is why nomenclature guidelines have been generated to clarify the classification of future jeppeite-group minerals.