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<p>This study introduces a novel quasi-3D model for analyzing the static bending behavior of inclined functionally graded (FG) sandwich beams, accounting for both self-weight and thickness-stretching effects. The present formulation is grounded in a coupled axial-shear-flexural-stretching deformation framework. Two typical core configurations with homogeneous hard-core and soft-core are examined for FG sandwich beams subjected to various types of vertically distributed loads. The governing equations are established using the principle of minimum potential energy. To obtain static responses under different combinations of clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions, a modified generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is employed as a unified numerical solver. A comprehensive parameter study is subsequently conducted to evaluate the influence of distributed load type, self-weight, inclined angle, core configuration, power-law index, layer-thickness ratio, and boundary conditions on deflection, stress components, and their through-thickness distributions. The proposed model will facilitate the stiffness and strength design of inclined composite beam structures.</p>

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A quasi-3D model for bending analysis of inclined functionally graded sandwich beams under various vertical loads including self-weight

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Yu Pu,
  • Zhaochun Teng,
  • Jun Liu,
  • Yang Luo,
  • Shuming Jia

摘要

This study introduces a novel quasi-3D model for analyzing the static bending behavior of inclined functionally graded (FG) sandwich beams, accounting for both self-weight and thickness-stretching effects. The present formulation is grounded in a coupled axial-shear-flexural-stretching deformation framework. Two typical core configurations with homogeneous hard-core and soft-core are examined for FG sandwich beams subjected to various types of vertically distributed loads. The governing equations are established using the principle of minimum potential energy. To obtain static responses under different combinations of clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions, a modified generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is employed as a unified numerical solver. A comprehensive parameter study is subsequently conducted to evaluate the influence of distributed load type, self-weight, inclined angle, core configuration, power-law index, layer-thickness ratio, and boundary conditions on deflection, stress components, and their through-thickness distributions. The proposed model will facilitate the stiffness and strength design of inclined composite beam structures.