<p>Synthetic cathinones, typically referred to as "bath salts", function as synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring stimulant cathinone, which is derived from the khat plant. These substances have gained significant forensic interest due to their widespread abuse, severe health effects, and evolving legal status. This review explores the application of metabolomics in the forensic investigation of cathinones, highlighting their relevance in toxicology and public health. Cathinones, such as methylone, mephedrone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), are often abused for their potent stimulant effects, leading to severe neurological, cardiovascular, and psychiatric complications. The ever-evolving characteristics of the synthetic drug market, in conjunction with the chemical alterations of cathinones aimed at circumventing legal prohibitions, pose persistent obstacles for forensic identification. Metabolomics, utilizing sophisticated analytical methodologies such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry, provides a comprehensive framework for the detection and characterization of cathinones and their metabolites in biological matrices. This review underscores the imperative for ongoing investigation and the advancement of resilient forensic techniques to confront the shifting terrain of synthetic cathinone misuse, thereby ensuring precise detection, regulatory compliance, and the safeguarding of public health.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>