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<p>This study examines the drivers of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in China from 1990 to 2021 with a focus on climate mitigation pathways. Using NARDL models, we find that digitalization (DIG) and trade taxes (TT) significantly reduce emissions, offering scalable mitigation tools. Conversely, energy imports (EI) and economic growth (GDP) worsen emissions, creating persistent mitigation challenges. These results suggest that China can advance its mitigation agenda by scaling green digital infrastructure, reforming trade tax structures to penalize carbon-intensive imports, and decoupling GDP growth from fossil fuel dependency. Global coordination including technology transfer and carbon pricing remains essential for effective mitigation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Digitalization and trade taxes as climate mitigation levers: asymmetric carbon effects of energy imports and growth in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Zi Ye,
  • Chunbao Ge,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Shulin Liu

摘要

This study examines the drivers of CO2 emissions in China from 1990 to 2021 with a focus on climate mitigation pathways. Using NARDL models, we find that digitalization (DIG) and trade taxes (TT) significantly reduce emissions, offering scalable mitigation tools. Conversely, energy imports (EI) and economic growth (GDP) worsen emissions, creating persistent mitigation challenges. These results suggest that China can advance its mitigation agenda by scaling green digital infrastructure, reforming trade tax structures to penalize carbon-intensive imports, and decoupling GDP growth from fossil fuel dependency. Global coordination including technology transfer and carbon pricing remains essential for effective mitigation.

Graphical Abstract