<p>The Tibetan Plateau, known as the “roof of the world”, is a vast and ecologically sensitive region that spans multiple countries. Its unique geography, with towering mountains and extensive grasslands, supports diverse ecosystems and serves as the source of major rivers, influencing both regional and global climates. However, the plateau faces numerous environmental challenges, including grassland degradation due to overgrazing, climate change, and human activities. These pressures have led to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and hydrological alterations, impacting water resources and ecosystem functions. Climate change is exacerbating these issues, with rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and the thawing of permafrost threatening both local ecosystems and livelihoods. In addition, socioeconomic factors, such as shifting pastoral practices and mining, have further stressed the environment. Despite ongoing conservation efforts and policies, these challenges require integrated management strategies that combine modern scientific approaches with traditional knowledge. Effective management, community involvement, and adaptive conservation are crucial for maintaining the ecological health and cultural diversity of the Tibetan Plateau.</p>