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<p>Tropospheric and stratospheric temperature trends serve as key indicators of global warming and climate variability. These trends are directly linked to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations resulting from anthropogenic activities, while stratospheric changes are additionally influenced by ozone variability and atmospheric dynamics. This study investigates the spatial, vertical, and temporal evolution of atmospheric temperature trends using over four decades (1980–2024) of global radiosonde data from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA). Complementary analyses are conducted using homogeneous, global-scale temperature observations from satellite-based radio occultation and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements spanning 2004–2024, providing an updated perspective on recent changes. The three independent datasets exhibit strong consistency, enhancing confidence in the derived trends. Results for the 2004–2024 period reveal a pronounced intensification of tropospheric warming, with a peak rate of 0.73&#xa0;K decade⁻¹ near 12–13&#xa0;km over tropical latitudes—exceeding earlier estimates of 0.5–0.6&#xa0;K decade⁻¹ reported for periods ending in 2022 or earlier. In contrast, stratospheric cooling trends up to 30&#xa0;km have weakened in the recent decades, likely due to reduced ozone depletion. Additionally, trends in tropopause altitude and outgoing longwave radiation are consistent with the previously reported expansion of the Hadley cell, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. These findings highlight the accelerating pace of global warming and reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring of atmospheric temperature trends and other key climate indicators.</p>

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Intensification of the tropospheric warming and weakening of the lower stratospheric cooling: Insights from long-term (1980–2024) multi data sets

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • A. Kalyan Teja,
  • M. Venkat Ratnam,
  • S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao

摘要

Tropospheric and stratospheric temperature trends serve as key indicators of global warming and climate variability. These trends are directly linked to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations resulting from anthropogenic activities, while stratospheric changes are additionally influenced by ozone variability and atmospheric dynamics. This study investigates the spatial, vertical, and temporal evolution of atmospheric temperature trends using over four decades (1980–2024) of global radiosonde data from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA). Complementary analyses are conducted using homogeneous, global-scale temperature observations from satellite-based radio occultation and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements spanning 2004–2024, providing an updated perspective on recent changes. The three independent datasets exhibit strong consistency, enhancing confidence in the derived trends. Results for the 2004–2024 period reveal a pronounced intensification of tropospheric warming, with a peak rate of 0.73 K decade⁻¹ near 12–13 km over tropical latitudes—exceeding earlier estimates of 0.5–0.6 K decade⁻¹ reported for periods ending in 2022 or earlier. In contrast, stratospheric cooling trends up to 30 km have weakened in the recent decades, likely due to reduced ozone depletion. Additionally, trends in tropopause altitude and outgoing longwave radiation are consistent with the previously reported expansion of the Hadley cell, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. These findings highlight the accelerating pace of global warming and reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring of atmospheric temperature trends and other key climate indicators.