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<p>Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) are significant contributors to seasonal rainfall due to their intense precipitation rates and distinctive spatial patterns. The present study focused on MCS’s characteristics at different timescales over Indian landmass during the period from 2001 to 2024. MCS contributes the maximum (~ 40%) to the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) than that to other seasons (&lt; 25%). Results reveal that MCS contributes 60–80%, 40–60%, and &gt; 40% to ISMR over the Bay of Bengal, east coast, and inland regions, respectively. Diurnal variations indicate that peak MCS activity occurs across all regions in the evening to night hours. Among all ISMR homogeneous regions, West-central India (WCI) experiences more MCSs, larger precipitation feature(PF) areas and total volume of rain. Strong rain rates and heavy rain volumes in northeast India (NEI). June is characterized by fewer but more intense, longer-lived and faster-moving systems, while July bring more frequent and spatially extensive MCS events. In the recent decade, MCS occurrences have declined across most regions, but show an increase over Northwest India (NWI). The spatial distribution of seasonal rainfall trends closely mirrors that of MCS rainfall, highlighting their central role in shaping regional variability. Increases in rainfall over NWI are driven by enhanced mean duration and increased MCS activity, whereas declines over CNI and NEI are associated with reduced mean duration and MCS occurrences.</p>

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Changes in the characteristics of mesoscale convective systems over the indian monsoon region: Recent decadal variability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Yerni Srinivas Nekkali,
  • Krishna Kishore Osuri

摘要

Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) are significant contributors to seasonal rainfall due to their intense precipitation rates and distinctive spatial patterns. The present study focused on MCS’s characteristics at different timescales over Indian landmass during the period from 2001 to 2024. MCS contributes the maximum (~ 40%) to the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) than that to other seasons (< 25%). Results reveal that MCS contributes 60–80%, 40–60%, and > 40% to ISMR over the Bay of Bengal, east coast, and inland regions, respectively. Diurnal variations indicate that peak MCS activity occurs across all regions in the evening to night hours. Among all ISMR homogeneous regions, West-central India (WCI) experiences more MCSs, larger precipitation feature(PF) areas and total volume of rain. Strong rain rates and heavy rain volumes in northeast India (NEI). June is characterized by fewer but more intense, longer-lived and faster-moving systems, while July bring more frequent and spatially extensive MCS events. In the recent decade, MCS occurrences have declined across most regions, but show an increase over Northwest India (NWI). The spatial distribution of seasonal rainfall trends closely mirrors that of MCS rainfall, highlighting their central role in shaping regional variability. Increases in rainfall over NWI are driven by enhanced mean duration and increased MCS activity, whereas declines over CNI and NEI are associated with reduced mean duration and MCS occurrences.