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<p>The Tengchong Beihai float blanket wetland, located on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is a unique alpine marsh characterized by vegetation floating on the water surface. Under climate change, energy exchange processes in float blanket wetland ecosystems exhibit distinct characteristics and considerable uncertainty. Based on eddy covariance observations from 2016 to 2022, this study investigated the temporal variations in energy fluxes, energy partitioning, and their controlling factors. Net radiation (Rn), latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H), and water heat storage (Qs) exhibited pronounced unimodal diurnal patterns. Clear seasonal variations were observed in energy fluxes and partitioning. Rn and LE peaked during the middle of the wet season, whereas H exhibited a bimodal pattern during the early and late dry season. Energy partitioning in the Beihai wetland was dominated by LE and H. Due to the distinctive vegetation and underlying surface conditions, LE was the primary consumer of Rn at multi-year daily, wet-season, and dry-season scales, with LE/Rn ratios of 0.75, 0.76, and 0.73, respectively. The Bowen ratio (Bo) showed a pronounced U-shaped seasonal variation, remaining below 1 throughout the year and lower in the wet season than in the dry season. Rn was the dominant driver of H and LE. The regulatory mechanisms of LE exhibited pronounced seasonal differences: LE was jointly controlled by Rn, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), Air temperature (Ta), and canopy conductance (Gs) during the wet season, whereas VPD dominated during the dry season. In contrast, H was consistently governed by Rn across both seasons, with the inhibitory effects of VPD and Ta on H intensifying in the dry season. These results indicate that the Beihai float blanket wetland is largely demand-driven, with persistent water availability maintaining LE as the dominant energy dissipation pathway even during the dry season. These findings highlight that greater attention should be paid to surface energy fluxes in structurally complex wetlands, as their unique vegetation–water coupling can significantly alter energy partitioning and regional evapotranspiration processes.</p>

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The surface energy fluxes over float blanket wetland in Southwest China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Haoran Li,
  • Xiaoyang Liu,
  • Huizhi Liu,
  • Meiying Zheng,
  • Yang Liu

摘要

The Tengchong Beihai float blanket wetland, located on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is a unique alpine marsh characterized by vegetation floating on the water surface. Under climate change, energy exchange processes in float blanket wetland ecosystems exhibit distinct characteristics and considerable uncertainty. Based on eddy covariance observations from 2016 to 2022, this study investigated the temporal variations in energy fluxes, energy partitioning, and their controlling factors. Net radiation (Rn), latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H), and water heat storage (Qs) exhibited pronounced unimodal diurnal patterns. Clear seasonal variations were observed in energy fluxes and partitioning. Rn and LE peaked during the middle of the wet season, whereas H exhibited a bimodal pattern during the early and late dry season. Energy partitioning in the Beihai wetland was dominated by LE and H. Due to the distinctive vegetation and underlying surface conditions, LE was the primary consumer of Rn at multi-year daily, wet-season, and dry-season scales, with LE/Rn ratios of 0.75, 0.76, and 0.73, respectively. The Bowen ratio (Bo) showed a pronounced U-shaped seasonal variation, remaining below 1 throughout the year and lower in the wet season than in the dry season. Rn was the dominant driver of H and LE. The regulatory mechanisms of LE exhibited pronounced seasonal differences: LE was jointly controlled by Rn, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), Air temperature (Ta), and canopy conductance (Gs) during the wet season, whereas VPD dominated during the dry season. In contrast, H was consistently governed by Rn across both seasons, with the inhibitory effects of VPD and Ta on H intensifying in the dry season. These results indicate that the Beihai float blanket wetland is largely demand-driven, with persistent water availability maintaining LE as the dominant energy dissipation pathway even during the dry season. These findings highlight that greater attention should be paid to surface energy fluxes in structurally complex wetlands, as their unique vegetation–water coupling can significantly alter energy partitioning and regional evapotranspiration processes.