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<p>Optimizing the configuration of regional climate models is essential for accurately representing complex meteorological processes, enhancing model responsiveness to local conditions, improving predictive capability, and mitigating model limitations. This study evaluates the ability of the RegCM5 model to simulate precipitation and near-surface temperature over western Iran, using ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) for validation. The model configuration was systematically assessed by testing multiple convection schemes (Tiedtke, Emanuel, Grell, Kain-Fritsch), land surface models (BATS, CLM4.5), and boundary layer schemes (Holtslag PBL, UW-PBL). Spatial maps of monthly precipitation and temperature biases were generated to assess regional performance, highlighting areas where the model overestimates or underestimates observations due to complex topography and parameterization constraints at 30&#xa0;km resolution. Interannual and monthly variability analyses using five statistical indices further quantified model sensitivity to land surface parameterizations. Results indicate that the optimal configuration combines the Kain-Fritsch convection scheme, CLM4.5 land surface model, and UW-PBL boundary layer scheme, effectively reproducing regional climate patterns while acknowledging sub-grid-scale limitations. The non-hydrostatic MOLOCH dynamical core improves vertical motions and atmospheric responses over complex terrain, enhancing reliability for long-term regional climate assessment. These findings can be applied to sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction and dynamical downscaling in the western half of Iran.</p>

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Optimal configuration of the RegCM5 climate model for simulating precipitation and temperature in the western half of Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Atefeh Khoshbayan,
  • Mehraneh Khodamorad Pour,
  • Iman Babaeian,
  • Vahid Varshavian,
  • Mehrdad Chaichi

摘要

Optimizing the configuration of regional climate models is essential for accurately representing complex meteorological processes, enhancing model responsiveness to local conditions, improving predictive capability, and mitigating model limitations. This study evaluates the ability of the RegCM5 model to simulate precipitation and near-surface temperature over western Iran, using ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) for validation. The model configuration was systematically assessed by testing multiple convection schemes (Tiedtke, Emanuel, Grell, Kain-Fritsch), land surface models (BATS, CLM4.5), and boundary layer schemes (Holtslag PBL, UW-PBL). Spatial maps of monthly precipitation and temperature biases were generated to assess regional performance, highlighting areas where the model overestimates or underestimates observations due to complex topography and parameterization constraints at 30 km resolution. Interannual and monthly variability analyses using five statistical indices further quantified model sensitivity to land surface parameterizations. Results indicate that the optimal configuration combines the Kain-Fritsch convection scheme, CLM4.5 land surface model, and UW-PBL boundary layer scheme, effectively reproducing regional climate patterns while acknowledging sub-grid-scale limitations. The non-hydrostatic MOLOCH dynamical core improves vertical motions and atmospheric responses over complex terrain, enhancing reliability for long-term regional climate assessment. These findings can be applied to sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction and dynamical downscaling in the western half of Iran.