<p>This study analyzes climate change and variability in the Volta and Northern Regions of Ghana over a 39-year period (1984–2023) with a focus on temperature and rainfall trends and their implications for agricultural activities. The study used secondary data obtained from the Ghana Meteorological Agency to assess long-term changes in temperature and rainfall patterns. The findings reveal that the Volta Region, representing Southern Ghana, exhibited higher annual rainfall with greater variability compared to the Northern Region, which experienced lower but still significant variability in rainfall. The trend analysis indicates an increasing but statistically insignificant rainfall trend in the Volta Region, whereas the Northern Region demonstrated a statistically significant decreasing rainfall trend. Furthermore, both regions experienced a significant upward trend in maximum and minimum temperatures, indicating a warming climate that poses risks such as increased evaporation, prolonged droughts, and reduced agricultural productivity. The study highlights the need for proactive climate adaptation strategies, including the adoption of climate-smart agriculture innovations, improved water resource management, afforestation, and early warning systems. Policy implications stress the necessity of integrating climate resilience into national development plans, strengthening climate research, and fostering collaboration between government agencies and local communities.</p>