<p>Adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) boosts farmers’ resilience against climate change impacts. Effective CSA adoption requires consideration of context-specific and locally appropriate factors. This study analyzed the factors influencing the adoption and intensity of CSA practices in Wereilu District, Northeastern Ethiopia. Survey data were collected from 372 households, complemented by insights from key informant interviews and focus group discussions. A multivariate probit (MVP) model was employed to assess factors influencing the simultaneous adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC), improved varieties (IMV), crop rotation (CR), small-scale irrigation (SSI), and organic fertilizer (OF). Moreover, the magnitude of these factors’ effect was examined using the marginal effects derived from the MVP model. Descriptive statistics were also used to assess the frequency and intensity of CSA adoption. The findings indicated synergistic relationships among CSA practices, as evidenced by six statistically significant pairwise correlations. Significant variation in adoption rates was observed across <i>kebeles</i>¹.The smallest administrative unit. for SSI (P &lt; 0.001), as well as for SWC and IMV (P &lt; 0.05). Adoption decisions were found to be influenced by a multifaceted combination of socio-economic characteristics, farm attributes, institutional access, and perceptual factors, including gender, education level, income, access to credit and extension services, slope and fertility of farmland, and farmers’ perceptions of climate change. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions, such as support for asset building, extension services, credit, and climate information, to enhance CSA uptake and strengthen the resilience of farming communities.</p>