<p>The spatiotemporal variation of air pollutants and its influencing factors are important for air quality management. To explore the ecological environment quality evolution and its influencing mechanism, this study investigated the spatiotemporal variation of air pollutants and the impacts of influencing factors and their interaction on air quality in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone in China. Inverse distance weight interpolation and spatial autocorrelation were utilized to explore the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of air pollutants. Pearson correlation analysis and geodetector methods were applied to study the relationship between air pollutants and their driving factors. The results indicated a general improvement of air quality from 2015 to 2023 in the study area. Average monthly concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and CO displayed a U-shaped distribution pattern, while O₃ exhibited an M-shaped distribution pattern. Air quality exhibits strong spatial clustering linked to solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation. All pollutants cluster significantly, with O₃ showing increased spatial spillover. The concentrations of NO₂, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ tend to be lower at higher elevations. The interaction between near-surface temperature and all sky surface photosynthetically active radiation (Shepard) has the most substantial impact on O₃. The interaction between precipitation and wind speed is most influential for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. The interaction of industrial sulfur dioxide emissions with total energy consumption and industrial emissions predominantly affects O₃ and PM_2.5. This research provides a good reference for understanding the evolution and influencing mechanism of air quality in Great Lake Regions.</p>