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<p>Dairy animals in tropical regions face continuous environmental stress, which detrimentally affects their productivity and causes substantial losses in the dairy sector. This study investigates the influence of seasonal dynamics and the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) on milk production, quality, and mammary stress biomarkers in Sahiwal cows (<i>Bos indicus</i>) over an annual cycle. Daily milk production data from multiparous cows (3rd-4th parity) in peak lactation (60–90&#xa0;days in milking) were recorded, and milk samples were analysed for composition and somatic cell counts (SCC). Cortisol and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) levels in milk whey were measured using ELISA. The analysis revealed that winter (THI: 60) had the highest milk yield and fat content, while SCC, cortisol, and Hsp90 levels were highest during the hot humid summer (THI: 81). THI variations significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) impacted milk yield, composition, and stress biomarkers. Elevated SCC, cortisol, and Hsp90 levels were observed with high THI (&gt; 79), highlighting a link between environmental conditions and mammary health. At high THI, milk yield (r = -0.67), fat (r = -0.55), and lactose (r = -0.48) showed significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) negative correlations, while cortisol (r = 0.79) and Hsp90 (r = 0.92) exhibited significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) positive correlations. These results emphasize that seasonal changes and THI significantly affected milk production and quality in Indigenous lactating cows. Additionally, the correlation between elevated SCC, cortisol, and Hsp90 levels suggests their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for mammary stress, offering valuable insights for improving dairy management under tropical climate conditions.</p>

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Temporal dynamics and climatic factors on milk yield, milk quality and mammary stress biomarkers in tropical Sahiwal cows(Bos indicus)reared under semi-intensive production system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Lija Satheesan,
  • Ajay Kumar Dang,
  • Raja Thiruvothur Venkatesan,
  • Aarti Kamboj

摘要

Dairy animals in tropical regions face continuous environmental stress, which detrimentally affects their productivity and causes substantial losses in the dairy sector. This study investigates the influence of seasonal dynamics and the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) on milk production, quality, and mammary stress biomarkers in Sahiwal cows (Bos indicus) over an annual cycle. Daily milk production data from multiparous cows (3rd-4th parity) in peak lactation (60–90 days in milking) were recorded, and milk samples were analysed for composition and somatic cell counts (SCC). Cortisol and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) levels in milk whey were measured using ELISA. The analysis revealed that winter (THI: 60) had the highest milk yield and fat content, while SCC, cortisol, and Hsp90 levels were highest during the hot humid summer (THI: 81). THI variations significantly (p < 0.05) impacted milk yield, composition, and stress biomarkers. Elevated SCC, cortisol, and Hsp90 levels were observed with high THI (> 79), highlighting a link between environmental conditions and mammary health. At high THI, milk yield (r = -0.67), fat (r = -0.55), and lactose (r = -0.48) showed significant (p < 0.01) negative correlations, while cortisol (r = 0.79) and Hsp90 (r = 0.92) exhibited significant (p < 0.01) positive correlations. These results emphasize that seasonal changes and THI significantly affected milk production and quality in Indigenous lactating cows. Additionally, the correlation between elevated SCC, cortisol, and Hsp90 levels suggests their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for mammary stress, offering valuable insights for improving dairy management under tropical climate conditions.