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<p>South Asian countries are experiencing rapid urbanization and population growth, leading to significant changes in settlement conditions. This trend has particularly severe consequences in Bangladesh, where unplanned urbanization is prevalent, necessitating an evaluation of settlement livability. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of human settlements in the nine major cities of Bangladesh.&#xa0;Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon were examined to understand the impact of urban heat patterns on human settlement. To better understand LST and UHI phenomenon, this study employed the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method to examine remote sensing indices derived from satellite images in Bangladesh during 2000–2020. This approach determines the crucial indicators for identifying districts' Living Index. GRA analysis shows that built-up cover and drought have a significant influence on the quality of living. Except for Rangpur district, all other districts exhibited a UHI<sub>index</sub> exceeding 0.5, implying that urban areas in most of the districts experienced a significant temperature increase compared to their surrounding rural areas. Among these districts, Rajshahi recorded the highest UHI<sub>index</sub> of 0.7. Overall findings, based on reasonable land use indices and the UHI<sub>index</sub>, suggest that Rangpur exhibits the highest suitability for settlement purposes, while Rajshahi demonstrates the lowest. This contrasting result emphasizes the negative consequences of rapid, unplanned built-up expansion and other land use alterations. This study establishes a robust framework for evaluating human settlement livability and fostering sustainable development. Rangpur’s higher suitability, attributed to its abundant vegetation and low built-up density, emphasizes the significance of environmental factors in urban planning to enhance living conditions in other areas.</p>

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Human settlement suitability in major cities of Bangladesh: A remote sensing-based grey relational analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月16日

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  • Bhaskar Ghosh,
  • Md. Zunaid Farouque,
  • Sudipta Das Gupta

摘要

South Asian countries are experiencing rapid urbanization and population growth, leading to significant changes in settlement conditions. This trend has particularly severe consequences in Bangladesh, where unplanned urbanization is prevalent, necessitating an evaluation of settlement livability. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of human settlements in the nine major cities of Bangladesh. Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon were examined to understand the impact of urban heat patterns on human settlement. To better understand LST and UHI phenomenon, this study employed the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method to examine remote sensing indices derived from satellite images in Bangladesh during 2000–2020. This approach determines the crucial indicators for identifying districts' Living Index. GRA analysis shows that built-up cover and drought have a significant influence on the quality of living. Except for Rangpur district, all other districts exhibited a UHIindex exceeding 0.5, implying that urban areas in most of the districts experienced a significant temperature increase compared to their surrounding rural areas. Among these districts, Rajshahi recorded the highest UHIindex of 0.7. Overall findings, based on reasonable land use indices and the UHIindex, suggest that Rangpur exhibits the highest suitability for settlement purposes, while Rajshahi demonstrates the lowest. This contrasting result emphasizes the negative consequences of rapid, unplanned built-up expansion and other land use alterations. This study establishes a robust framework for evaluating human settlement livability and fostering sustainable development. Rangpur’s higher suitability, attributed to its abundant vegetation and low built-up density, emphasizes the significance of environmental factors in urban planning to enhance living conditions in other areas.