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<p>Temperature is a key factor influencing soybean yields, and understanding its variability in cropping regions is crucial. This paper aims to assess the occurrence and differences in extreme air and land surface temperatures (LST) in the Humid Pampa of Argentina. Maximum and minimum temperatures were collected from 18 locations, in 17 seasons, using data from meteorological stations (for air temperature) and satellite-derived LST observations. For the LST analysis, areas were categorised as non-compatible (NC) or compatible (SC) with soybean cultivation and studied separately. Extreme temperatures were quantified using the 10th and 90th percentiles on a decadal scale, considering both maximum (TX10, TX90) and minimum (TN10, TN90) temperatures. Maximum temperatures were higher on the surface than in the air, while TX90 differed across SC and NC areas. The magnitude and direction of these differences were linked to crop development, as quantified through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). On average, during the first decade of December (when NDVI values were low), TX90 was 1.7&#xa0;°C higher in SC areas compared to NC areas. From the first decade of January onward, TX90 was lower in SC than in NC areas, with the maximum difference of 2.6&#xa0;°C observed during the second and third decades of February, in accordance with the highest NDVI values. In contrast, TX10, TN90, and TN10 did not differ significantly between SC and NC areas. The results suggest that the influence of soybean crops on LST was primarily associated with high maximum temperatures and the crop’s growth cycle.</p>

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Extreme air and surface temperatures in areas compatible and non-compatible with soybean cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月28日

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  • Juan Guillermo Barberis,
  • Adriana Kantolic,
  • Mariana Barrucand

摘要

Temperature is a key factor influencing soybean yields, and understanding its variability in cropping regions is crucial. This paper aims to assess the occurrence and differences in extreme air and land surface temperatures (LST) in the Humid Pampa of Argentina. Maximum and minimum temperatures were collected from 18 locations, in 17 seasons, using data from meteorological stations (for air temperature) and satellite-derived LST observations. For the LST analysis, areas were categorised as non-compatible (NC) or compatible (SC) with soybean cultivation and studied separately. Extreme temperatures were quantified using the 10th and 90th percentiles on a decadal scale, considering both maximum (TX10, TX90) and minimum (TN10, TN90) temperatures. Maximum temperatures were higher on the surface than in the air, while TX90 differed across SC and NC areas. The magnitude and direction of these differences were linked to crop development, as quantified through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). On average, during the first decade of December (when NDVI values were low), TX90 was 1.7 °C higher in SC areas compared to NC areas. From the first decade of January onward, TX90 was lower in SC than in NC areas, with the maximum difference of 2.6 °C observed during the second and third decades of February, in accordance with the highest NDVI values. In contrast, TX10, TN90, and TN10 did not differ significantly between SC and NC areas. The results suggest that the influence of soybean crops on LST was primarily associated with high maximum temperatures and the crop’s growth cycle.