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<p>This study investigates the variations in cloud base height (CBH) measured by ceilometer (CL31) at four airports in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) namely Jaipur (VIJP, 26.83 ˚N, 75.81 ˚E, 383&#xa0;m), Lucknow (VILK, 26.76 ˚N, 80.89 ˚E, 122&#xa0;m), Varanasi (VEBN, 25.45 ˚N, 82.86 ˚E, 81&#xa0;m), and Patna (VEPT, 25.59 ˚N, 85.09 ˚E, 51&#xa0;m) during the withdrawal phase of the southwest monsoon. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) introduced Vaisala ceilometers at these airports for the first time to enhance aviation meteorological services. Findings indicate that CBH1 decreases as total cloud cover increases across all IGP airports. Among the four locations, VILK exhibits the highest frequency of maximum mean CBH1. Low-level clouds (LLC) are the most prevalent cloud type, occurring more frequently than mid-level clouds (MLC) and high-level clouds (HLC). LLC occurrence follows a distinct diurnal cycle, with maximum CBH1 during the day due to intense solar heating and minimum CBH1 at night due to radiative cooling. Across all airports, CBH1 most commonly falls less than and within the 2500–3000&#xa0;m range. A significant positive correlation between CBH1 and PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations at all four IGP sites suggests that aerosol loading systematically invigorates cloud formation. The ceilometer-based CBH1 observations provide critical insights into the spatio-temporal variability of LLC during monsoon transition periods, offering valuable inputs for improving numerical weather prediction models, validation, and aviation safety. The findings also underscore the need for long-term CBH monitoring and high-resolution modeling to quantify aerosol-induced cloud invigoration effects and their implications for regional weather and climate dynamics over the IGP.</p>

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Characteristic dissimilarities in the cloud base height over Indo-Gangetic plain airports during withdrawal phase of southwest monsoon

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Krishna Kumar Shukla,
  • Gajendra Kumar,
  • Anoop Kumar Mishra,
  • Sourav Adhikary,
  • Neeti Singh,
  • Manish R. Ranalkar,
  • Radheshyam Sharma,
  • Manish Rai,
  • Anand Shankar

摘要

This study investigates the variations in cloud base height (CBH) measured by ceilometer (CL31) at four airports in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) namely Jaipur (VIJP, 26.83 ˚N, 75.81 ˚E, 383 m), Lucknow (VILK, 26.76 ˚N, 80.89 ˚E, 122 m), Varanasi (VEBN, 25.45 ˚N, 82.86 ˚E, 81 m), and Patna (VEPT, 25.59 ˚N, 85.09 ˚E, 51 m) during the withdrawal phase of the southwest monsoon. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) introduced Vaisala ceilometers at these airports for the first time to enhance aviation meteorological services. Findings indicate that CBH1 decreases as total cloud cover increases across all IGP airports. Among the four locations, VILK exhibits the highest frequency of maximum mean CBH1. Low-level clouds (LLC) are the most prevalent cloud type, occurring more frequently than mid-level clouds (MLC) and high-level clouds (HLC). LLC occurrence follows a distinct diurnal cycle, with maximum CBH1 during the day due to intense solar heating and minimum CBH1 at night due to radiative cooling. Across all airports, CBH1 most commonly falls less than and within the 2500–3000 m range. A significant positive correlation between CBH1 and PM2.5 concentrations at all four IGP sites suggests that aerosol loading systematically invigorates cloud formation. The ceilometer-based CBH1 observations provide critical insights into the spatio-temporal variability of LLC during monsoon transition periods, offering valuable inputs for improving numerical weather prediction models, validation, and aviation safety. The findings also underscore the need for long-term CBH monitoring and high-resolution modeling to quantify aerosol-induced cloud invigoration effects and their implications for regional weather and climate dynamics over the IGP.