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<p>A comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of lightning can enhance weather forecasting operations and provide significant benefits to economic sectors directly affected by lightning activity, such as the electrical sector. This is particularly relevant in southeastern Brazil, a region critical to the national electrical transmission system. Due to the limited literature on lightning behavior in southeastern Brazil, especially regarding intracloud lightning, this study characterizes lightning events between 2015 and 2023, analyzing the spatial distribution and differences among intracloud (IC), positive (+ CG), and negative (-CG) cloud-to-ground lightning. Return strokes data from the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) were used for this analysis. Lightning occurrence is most frequent near mountainous regions, with IC lightning being the dominant type. The diurnal cycle shows a pronounced peak in the afternoon, while seasonal activity is highest during spring and summer. Additionally, + CG lightning exhibits higher peak currents in winter compared to -CG lightning. These analyses are important for improving the predictability of these events and, consequently, decision-making, and for minimizing the damage linked to the damaging effects of storms embedded in thunderstorms.</p>

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A 9-year spatial–temporal analysis of intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning detected over the Southeast region of Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • João Gabriel Martins Ribeiro,
  • Enrique Vieira Mattos,
  • Weber Andrade Gonçalves,
  • Michelle Simões Reboita,
  • Ana Paula Paes dos Santos

摘要

A comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of lightning can enhance weather forecasting operations and provide significant benefits to economic sectors directly affected by lightning activity, such as the electrical sector. This is particularly relevant in southeastern Brazil, a region critical to the national electrical transmission system. Due to the limited literature on lightning behavior in southeastern Brazil, especially regarding intracloud lightning, this study characterizes lightning events between 2015 and 2023, analyzing the spatial distribution and differences among intracloud (IC), positive (+ CG), and negative (-CG) cloud-to-ground lightning. Return strokes data from the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) were used for this analysis. Lightning occurrence is most frequent near mountainous regions, with IC lightning being the dominant type. The diurnal cycle shows a pronounced peak in the afternoon, while seasonal activity is highest during spring and summer. Additionally, + CG lightning exhibits higher peak currents in winter compared to -CG lightning. These analyses are important for improving the predictability of these events and, consequently, decision-making, and for minimizing the damage linked to the damaging effects of storms embedded in thunderstorms.