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<p>Level of Education (LoE) is widely used as an indicator of cognitive reserve and is associated with risk of dementia. The aim of the present study was to know the influence of the LoE on cognitive function (CF) in patients with Parkinson´s disease (PD). Controls and PD patients from the Spanish cohort COPPADIS with a disease duration from symptoms onset ≤ 5&#xa0;years, who were recruited from January/2016 to November/2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated at 2 (V2), 4 (V4) and 5 (V5) years of follow-up were included. Regarding LoE, patients were classified as with primary, secondary and university education. CF was assessed using the Parkinson´s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS). General linear model (GLM) repeated measure was used to test for changes in the CF. A p value ≤ 0.005 was considered significant. Three hundred and ninety-nine PD patients (61.9 ± 8.9&#xa0;years old; 58.4% males) and 207 controls (61 ± 8.3&#xa0;years old; 49.8% males) were included. From V0 to V5, significant differences were observed in PD patients in global and fronto-subcortical (p &lt; 0.0001 in all visits) between LoE groups but not in posterior-cortical (p &gt; 0.05 in all visits) CF. LoE was associated with the change from V0 to V5 in the PD-CRS total score and fronto-subcortical sub-score (p &lt; 0.0001) in PD patients but not in controls. After adjustment for many covariates, primary education was not a predictor of PD dementia (PD-CRS &lt; 65) at V5 (OR = 3.31; p = 0.194). Cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease is influenced by the level of education.</p>

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Influence of the level of education on cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Diego Santos-García,
  • Teresa de Deus Fonticoba,
  • Carlos Cores Bartolomé,
  • María Cristina Íñiguez Alvarado,
  • Lucía Samaniego,
  • Antón López Maside,
  • Lucía Gallego,
  • Laura Couce Barreiro,
  • Javier Rodríguez Caramés,
  • Maria J. Feal Painceiras,
  • Jose Manuel Paz González,
  • Silvia Jesús,
  • Marina Cosgaya,
  • Juan García Caldentey,
  • Nuria Caballol,
  • Ines Legarda,
  • Jorge Hernández Vara,
  • Iria Cabo,
  • Lydia López Manzanares,
  • Isabel González Aramburu,
  • Maria A. Ávila Rivera,
  • Víctor Gómez Mayordomo,
  • Víctor Nogueira,
  • Julio Dotor García-Soto,
  • Carmen Borrué,
  • Berta Solano Vila,
  • María Álvarez Sauco,
  • Lydia Vela,
  • Sonia Escalante,
  • Esther Cubo,
  • Zebenzui Mendoza,
  • Isabel Pareés,
  • Pilar Sánchez Alonso,
  • Maria G. Alonso Losada,
  • Nuria López Ariztegui,
  • Itziar Gastón,
  • Jaime Kulisevsky,
  • Manuel Seijo,
  • Caridad Valero,
  • Ruben Alonso Redondo,
  • Maria Teresa Buongiorno,
  • Carlos Ordás,
  • Manuel Menéndez-González,
  • Darrian McAfee,
  • Pablo Martinez-Martin,
  • Pablo Mir,
  • A. D. Adarmes,
  • M. Almeria,
  • A. Alonso Cánovas,
  • F. Alonso Frech,
  • I. Álvarez,
  • A. Aneiros Díaz,
  • S. Arnáiz,
  • S. Arribas,
  • A. Ascunce Vidondo,
  • M. Aguilar,
  • M. A. Ávila,
  • N. Bernardo Lambrich,
  • H. Bejr-Kasem,
  • M. Blázquez Estrada,
  • M. Botí,
  • C. Cabello González,
  • I. Cabo López,
  • A. Cámara Lorenzo,
  • H. Canfield Medina,
  • E. Carabajal Pendón,
  • F. Carrillo,
  • F. J. Carrillo Padilla,
  • E. Casas,
  • M. J. Catalán,
  • P. Clavero,
  • A. Cortina Fernández,
  • A. Cots Foraster,
  • A. Crespo Cuevas,
  • O. de Fábregues-Boixar,
  • M. Díez-Fairen,
  • E. Erro,
  • E. Estelrich Peyret,
  • N. Fernández Guillán,
  • P. Gámez,
  • M. Gallego,
  • C. García Campos,
  • C. García Díez,
  • J. M. García Moreno,
  • M. P. Gómez Garre,
  • J. González Aloy,
  • J. González Ardura,
  • B. González García,
  • M. J. González Palmás,
  • G. R. González Toledo,
  • A. Golpe Díaz,
  • M. Grau Solá,
  • G. Guardia,
  • A. Horta-Barba,
  • D. Idoate Calderón,
  • J. Infante,
  • M. Kurtis,
  • C. Labandeira,
  • M. A. Labrador,
  • F. Lacruz,
  • M. Lage Castro,
  • S. Lastres Gómez,
  • L. M. López Díaz,
  • D. López Domínguez,
  • B. López Seoane,
  • S. Lucas del Pozo,
  • Y. Macías,
  • M. Mata,
  • G. Martí Andres,
  • M. J. Martí,
  • J. C. Martínez Castrillo,
  • M. T. Meitín,
  • M. Menéndez González,
  • C. del Méndez Barrio,
  • J. Miranda Santiago,
  • M. I. Morales Casado,
  • A. Moreno Diéguez,
  • I. Muro García,
  • A. Novo Amado,
  • S. Novo Ponte,
  • J. Pagonabarraga,
  • B. Pascual-Sedano,
  • P. Pastor,
  • A. Pérez Fuertes,
  • R. Pérez Noguera,
  • A. Planas-Ballvé,
  • L. Planellas,
  • M. A. Prats,
  • C. Prieto Jurczynska,
  • V. Puente,
  • M. Pueyo Morlans,
  • A. Puig Daví,
  • N. Redondo Rafales,
  • L. Rodríguez Méndez,
  • A. B. Rodríguez Pérez,
  • F. Roldán,
  • M. Ruíz de Arcos,
  • J. Ruíz Martínez,
  • M. Sánchez-Carpintero,
  • G. Sánchez Díez,
  • A. Sánchez Rodríguez,
  • P. Santacruz,
  • D. Santos García,
  • J. C. Segundo Rodríguez,
  • M. Sierra Peña,
  • E. Suárez Castro,
  • J. P. Tartari,
  • L. Vargas,
  • C. Villanueva,
  • B. Vives

摘要

Level of Education (LoE) is widely used as an indicator of cognitive reserve and is associated with risk of dementia. The aim of the present study was to know the influence of the LoE on cognitive function (CF) in patients with Parkinson´s disease (PD). Controls and PD patients from the Spanish cohort COPPADIS with a disease duration from symptoms onset ≤ 5 years, who were recruited from January/2016 to November/2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated at 2 (V2), 4 (V4) and 5 (V5) years of follow-up were included. Regarding LoE, patients were classified as with primary, secondary and university education. CF was assessed using the Parkinson´s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS). General linear model (GLM) repeated measure was used to test for changes in the CF. A p value ≤ 0.005 was considered significant. Three hundred and ninety-nine PD patients (61.9 ± 8.9 years old; 58.4% males) and 207 controls (61 ± 8.3 years old; 49.8% males) were included. From V0 to V5, significant differences were observed in PD patients in global and fronto-subcortical (p < 0.0001 in all visits) between LoE groups but not in posterior-cortical (p > 0.05 in all visits) CF. LoE was associated with the change from V0 to V5 in the PD-CRS total score and fronto-subcortical sub-score (p < 0.0001) in PD patients but not in controls. After adjustment for many covariates, primary education was not a predictor of PD dementia (PD-CRS < 65) at V5 (OR = 3.31; p = 0.194). Cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease is influenced by the level of education.