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Purpose <p>Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool in medical training. It offers immersive, interactive environments ideal for exploring complex anatomy and procedures. With the advent of affordable hardware, VR can provide high-quality, cost-effective training experiences.</p> Methods <p>We developed the VR application OpenOR in Unity for medical education. It supports multi-user interaction with customizable avatars and hand-tracking for intuitive control. Designed for medical students and professionals, OpenOR enables the exploration of complete clinical case studies. This includes medical history, a virtual DICOM viewer, visualization of anatomical structures and pathologies derived from MRI segmentations, and the original 3D surgical videos for each case. In addition, the 3D MRI-based models are complemented by CAD (computer-aided design) models of real implants, such as VP shunts or aneurysm clips. A usability test was conducted with 30 medical students using structured questionnaires.</p> Results <p>The pilot implementation demonstrated OpenOR’s educational potential. Students reported increased engagement and a perceived improvement in understanding of anatomy and surgical workflows. The multi-user mode fostered collaborative learning, while hand-tracking supported intuitive interaction. The combination of virtual PACS viewing, interactive 3D models, and surgical 3D videos provided a realistic and integrated learning experience. The evaluation feedback indicated high user satisfaction and confirmed the platform's value for neurosurgical and anatomical training.</p> Conclusion <p>OpenOR represents a significant advancement in VR-based medical education. By integrating immersive technologies with affordable hardware, it offers practical and scalable training solutions for Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy.</p>

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OpenOR – a virtual reality framework for medical education

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Florian Grimm,
  • Brenno Santana Tagliavini,
  • Felix Behling,
  • Marcos Tatagiba,
  • Borris Golinski,
  • Patrick Haas,
  • Isabel Gugel,
  • Constantin Roder

摘要

Purpose

Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool in medical training. It offers immersive, interactive environments ideal for exploring complex anatomy and procedures. With the advent of affordable hardware, VR can provide high-quality, cost-effective training experiences.

Methods

We developed the VR application OpenOR in Unity for medical education. It supports multi-user interaction with customizable avatars and hand-tracking for intuitive control. Designed for medical students and professionals, OpenOR enables the exploration of complete clinical case studies. This includes medical history, a virtual DICOM viewer, visualization of anatomical structures and pathologies derived from MRI segmentations, and the original 3D surgical videos for each case. In addition, the 3D MRI-based models are complemented by CAD (computer-aided design) models of real implants, such as VP shunts or aneurysm clips. A usability test was conducted with 30 medical students using structured questionnaires.

Results

The pilot implementation demonstrated OpenOR’s educational potential. Students reported increased engagement and a perceived improvement in understanding of anatomy and surgical workflows. The multi-user mode fostered collaborative learning, while hand-tracking supported intuitive interaction. The combination of virtual PACS viewing, interactive 3D models, and surgical 3D videos provided a realistic and integrated learning experience. The evaluation feedback indicated high user satisfaction and confirmed the platform's value for neurosurgical and anatomical training.

Conclusion

OpenOR represents a significant advancement in VR-based medical education. By integrating immersive technologies with affordable hardware, it offers practical and scalable training solutions for Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy.