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<p><i>Juglans australis</i> is a native South American walnut species of ecological, economic, and pharmacological importance. However, its phylogenetic position remains unresolved due to a lack of comprehensive molecular data. In this study, we report the first complete chloroplast genome of <i>J. australis</i> and assess its phylogenetic placement within <i>Juglans</i>. The chloroplast genome is 160,388&#xa0;bp in length and exhibits the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm chloroplast genomes. Genome annotation identified 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs, with an overall GC content of 36.1%. Phylogenomic analysis based on complete chloroplast genomes confirmed the placement of <i>J. australis</i> within section <i>Rhysocaryon</i>, closely related to <i>J. hindsii</i>. Pairwise Ka/Ks analysis across 75 shared coding genes indicated strong purifying selection overall, with a small number of genes (<i>mat</i>K, <i>atp</i>F, <i>acc</i>D, <i>ycf</i>1, and <i>ndh</i>D) showing signals of positive selection. These results provide genome-scale evidence for the evolutionary position of <i>J. australis</i> and represent a missing South American component in the chloroplast phylogenomic framework of <i>Juglans</i>.</p>

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The chloroplast genome of Juglans australis: a missing piece in the phylogenetic puzzle of Juglans

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Fiamma Pereyra,
  • Sibila Ivonne Lencina,
  • Eber Alexander Delgado,
  • Liliana Alvarez,
  • Gretel Rodriguez Garay,
  • Dante Edgardo Carabajal,
  • Juan Domingo Urdampilleta,
  • Mariela Analía Sader,
  • Ingrid Georgina Orce

摘要

Juglans australis is a native South American walnut species of ecological, economic, and pharmacological importance. However, its phylogenetic position remains unresolved due to a lack of comprehensive molecular data. In this study, we report the first complete chloroplast genome of J. australis and assess its phylogenetic placement within Juglans. The chloroplast genome is 160,388 bp in length and exhibits the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm chloroplast genomes. Genome annotation identified 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs, with an overall GC content of 36.1%. Phylogenomic analysis based on complete chloroplast genomes confirmed the placement of J. australis within section Rhysocaryon, closely related to J. hindsii. Pairwise Ka/Ks analysis across 75 shared coding genes indicated strong purifying selection overall, with a small number of genes (matK, atpF, accD, ycf1, and ndhD) showing signals of positive selection. These results provide genome-scale evidence for the evolutionary position of J. australis and represent a missing South American component in the chloroplast phylogenomic framework of Juglans.