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<p>Past climate fluctuations have influenced species interactions and facilitated the formation of hybrid zones. In <i>Penstemon</i>, hybridization has been commonly reported between closely related species with contrasting floral traits in sympatric zones. Previous studies have described two floral morphotypes as potential hybrids between <i>P. gentianoides</i> and <i>P. roseus</i>. Using nuclear microsatellite data, Bayesian inference methods, species distribution modelling, and ecological niche modelling, we investigate the complex spatial interaction between these species and the origin of floral morphotypes in a zone of sympatry. Our results from approximate Bayesian computation analysis strongly supported a scenario of simultaneous divergence between floral morphotypes and <i>P. gentianoides</i>. Results of species distribution modelling and ecological niche modelling indicate a more expanded geographical range and connectivity during the Last Glacial Maximum compared to interglacial periods, and altitudinal and range overlap during the same period and niche overlap between species. These conditions might have facilitated gene flow between species and potentially explain the signs of admixture in floral morphotypes. Our findings highlight the complexity of hybridization in <i>Penstemon</i> and reinforce the need for future genomic studies to fully understand the evolutionary dynamics and hybridization processes between species.</p>

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Shared history between two Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) species: potential hybridization between populations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Samantha Maite de los Santos-Gómez,
  • Juan Francisco Ornelas

摘要

Past climate fluctuations have influenced species interactions and facilitated the formation of hybrid zones. In Penstemon, hybridization has been commonly reported between closely related species with contrasting floral traits in sympatric zones. Previous studies have described two floral morphotypes as potential hybrids between P. gentianoides and P. roseus. Using nuclear microsatellite data, Bayesian inference methods, species distribution modelling, and ecological niche modelling, we investigate the complex spatial interaction between these species and the origin of floral morphotypes in a zone of sympatry. Our results from approximate Bayesian computation analysis strongly supported a scenario of simultaneous divergence between floral morphotypes and P. gentianoides. Results of species distribution modelling and ecological niche modelling indicate a more expanded geographical range and connectivity during the Last Glacial Maximum compared to interglacial periods, and altitudinal and range overlap during the same period and niche overlap between species. These conditions might have facilitated gene flow between species and potentially explain the signs of admixture in floral morphotypes. Our findings highlight the complexity of hybridization in Penstemon and reinforce the need for future genomic studies to fully understand the evolutionary dynamics and hybridization processes between species.