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<p>A luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET)-regulated dual-readout lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is reported that integrates naked-eye colorimetric screening and near-infrared (NIR)-excited quantitative luminescence analysis on a single test strip. Core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) functionalized with E2-bovine serum albumin conjugates were immobilized on the test line as luminescent donors, while gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-labeled anti-E2 monoclonal antibodies served dually as colorimetric labels and efficient LRET acceptors. Time-resolved luminescence measurements confirmed an LRET efficiency of 18.8%, with the donor lifetime decreasing from 720 to 585 µs upon immunocomplex formation. Under optimized conditions, the assay was completed within 10&#xa0;min. The luminescence mode exhibited a linear response over 1–500 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 1.37 ng/mL, while the visual mode enabled naked-eye discrimination at 20–40 ng/mL. This UCNP-AuNP LRET strategy provides a practical dual-readout format that balances operational simplicity and quantitative performance, offering a versatile platform for rapid on-site screening of small-molecule contaminants in complex matrices.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Dual-readout lateral flow immunoassay based on upconversion nanoparticle-gold nanoparticle luminescence resonance energy transfer for rapid determination of 17β-estradiol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Yechen Cheng,
  • Chaofan Zhang,
  • Xinfeng Dai,
  • Xinrui Yuan,
  • Jiao Cao,
  • Bo Tian,
  • Jinliang Liu

摘要

A luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET)-regulated dual-readout lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is reported that integrates naked-eye colorimetric screening and near-infrared (NIR)-excited quantitative luminescence analysis on a single test strip. Core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) functionalized with E2-bovine serum albumin conjugates were immobilized on the test line as luminescent donors, while gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-labeled anti-E2 monoclonal antibodies served dually as colorimetric labels and efficient LRET acceptors. Time-resolved luminescence measurements confirmed an LRET efficiency of 18.8%, with the donor lifetime decreasing from 720 to 585 µs upon immunocomplex formation. Under optimized conditions, the assay was completed within 10 min. The luminescence mode exhibited a linear response over 1–500 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 1.37 ng/mL, while the visual mode enabled naked-eye discrimination at 20–40 ng/mL. This UCNP-AuNP LRET strategy provides a practical dual-readout format that balances operational simplicity and quantitative performance, offering a versatile platform for rapid on-site screening of small-molecule contaminants in complex matrices.

Graphical abstract