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<p>Emerging resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitates alternative antibacterial modalities that operate beyond traditional antibiotics. Here, we report a gallium-porphyrin metal–organic framework (Ga-MOF) that functions as an all-in-one theranostic platform by simultaneously delivering high-flux singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and controlled Ga<sup>3+</sup> release. Under 395&#xa0;nm irradiation, Ga-MOF exhibits unprecedented photocatalytic turnover (Vmax = 8.8 × 10⁻⁸ M s⁻¹) via Ga<sup>3+</sup>-induced electronic reconfiguration of the porphyrin macrocycle. On-demand Ga<sup>3+</sup> discharge proceeds without compromising framework integrity, maintaining &gt; 95% photocatalytic activity after 6&#xa0;h of incubation. Multimodal readouts—integrating SYTO-9/PI live/dead imaging, BCA protein leakage assays, and SEM morphological mapping—quantitatively correlate membrane disruption with dual-mode action. Consequently, ultra-low-dose MRSA eradication (5&#xa0;µg mL<sup>-1</sup>, 15&#xa0;min, 99% kill) is achieved, outperforming either modality alone by &gt; 20-fold. This work establishes a single-material theranostic paradigm that conjoins mechanistic diagnostics with potent antibacterial therapy, providing a blueprint for next-generation precision antimicrobials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Ga-porphyrin MOF-based theranostic platform for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: integrated photodynamic and ion-interference antibacterial mechanisms with multimodal readouts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Chengcheng Xu,
  • Qiang Xie,
  • Hao Zeng,
  • Jiarong Cao,
  • Hui Deng,
  • Hongxia Chen

摘要

Emerging resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitates alternative antibacterial modalities that operate beyond traditional antibiotics. Here, we report a gallium-porphyrin metal–organic framework (Ga-MOF) that functions as an all-in-one theranostic platform by simultaneously delivering high-flux singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and controlled Ga3+ release. Under 395 nm irradiation, Ga-MOF exhibits unprecedented photocatalytic turnover (Vmax = 8.8 × 10⁻⁸ M s⁻¹) via Ga3+-induced electronic reconfiguration of the porphyrin macrocycle. On-demand Ga3+ discharge proceeds without compromising framework integrity, maintaining > 95% photocatalytic activity after 6 h of incubation. Multimodal readouts—integrating SYTO-9/PI live/dead imaging, BCA protein leakage assays, and SEM morphological mapping—quantitatively correlate membrane disruption with dual-mode action. Consequently, ultra-low-dose MRSA eradication (5 µg mL-1, 15 min, 99% kill) is achieved, outperforming either modality alone by > 20-fold. This work establishes a single-material theranostic paradigm that conjoins mechanistic diagnostics with potent antibacterial therapy, providing a blueprint for next-generation precision antimicrobials.

Graphical Abstract