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<p>A type-II heterojunction was constructed by integrating p‑type CuBi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with n‑type HOF‑101 to enhance charge separation and transport. The resulting heterostructure generated a photocurrent response of 650 nA, more than twice that of pristine HOF‑101. Based on this improved photoactive interface, a photoelectrochemical aptasensor was developed for the detection of sulfadiazine. The sensor showed a wide linear range from 0.001 to 1000 ng/mL, and achieved a detection limit of 0.7 pg/mL. When applied to spiked water and milk samples, the recoveries ranged from 97.6% to 103.7%. These results indicate that interface engineering via heterojunction construction offers a practical route to enhance the sensing performance of HOF‑based materials, enabling trace‑level detection of pollutants in complex matrices.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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An enhanced photoelectrochemical sensor based on CuBi2O4/HOF-101 heterojunction for highly sensitive detection of sulfadiazine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Muyun Zhao,
  • Wangui Peng,
  • Weihong Huang,
  • Wanzhen Xu,
  • Wenming Yang

摘要

A type-II heterojunction was constructed by integrating p‑type CuBi2O4 with n‑type HOF‑101 to enhance charge separation and transport. The resulting heterostructure generated a photocurrent response of 650 nA, more than twice that of pristine HOF‑101. Based on this improved photoactive interface, a photoelectrochemical aptasensor was developed for the detection of sulfadiazine. The sensor showed a wide linear range from 0.001 to 1000 ng/mL, and achieved a detection limit of 0.7 pg/mL. When applied to spiked water and milk samples, the recoveries ranged from 97.6% to 103.7%. These results indicate that interface engineering via heterojunction construction offers a practical route to enhance the sensing performance of HOF‑based materials, enabling trace‑level detection of pollutants in complex matrices.

Graphical abstract