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<p>In the present review report, tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) and its hybrid composites for electrochemical sensing application have been summarized. A brief overview for the synthesis of WO<sub>3</sub> based materials using hydrothermal, solvothermal, co-precipitation, sol-gel, electrodeposition and microwave methods have been discussed. Furthermore, analytical performance of the WO<sub>3</sub> and its hybrid composite based electrochemical sensors have been discussed for the determination of various pollutants, antibiotics, heavy metal ions and biomolecules etc. The repeatability, stability, selectivity and reproducibility of the WO<sub>3</sub> based materials for electrochemical sensing application have been discussed. The sensing mechanism for various analytes have been described. Additionally, real sample studies for WO<sub>3</sub> based electrochemical sensors have been illustrated using standard addition method. Furthermore, challenges of the WO<sub>3</sub> based materials for electrochemical sensing and biosensing has been discussed. The future trend and expected outcome of the future perspectives have been mentioned.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Recent advances and progress in tungsten trioxide and its hybrid materials based sensors for environmental monitoring and healthcare systems: analytical performance, challenges and future trends

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Khursheed Ahmad,
  • Vinay Kumar Tripathi,
  • Rohit Kumar Singh Gautam,
  • Mohd Shabbir,
  • Vivek Mani Tripathi,
  • Chellakannu Rajkumar,
  • Tae Hwan Oh

摘要

In the present review report, tungsten trioxide (WO3) and its hybrid composites for electrochemical sensing application have been summarized. A brief overview for the synthesis of WO3 based materials using hydrothermal, solvothermal, co-precipitation, sol-gel, electrodeposition and microwave methods have been discussed. Furthermore, analytical performance of the WO3 and its hybrid composite based electrochemical sensors have been discussed for the determination of various pollutants, antibiotics, heavy metal ions and biomolecules etc. The repeatability, stability, selectivity and reproducibility of the WO3 based materials for electrochemical sensing application have been discussed. The sensing mechanism for various analytes have been described. Additionally, real sample studies for WO3 based electrochemical sensors have been illustrated using standard addition method. Furthermore, challenges of the WO3 based materials for electrochemical sensing and biosensing has been discussed. The future trend and expected outcome of the future perspectives have been mentioned.

Graphical abstract