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<p> A new probe, <b>Rh-Ph-Rh</b>, featuring two rhodamine groups attached to a phenyl ring, was developed. This hybrid compound serves multiple purposes: it turns on with a strong fluorescent signal in the presence of aluminum ions (Al<sup>3+</sup>) and can detect them at concentrations as low as 358 nM. When both Al<sup>3+</sup> and cyanide ions (CN⁻) are present, fluorescence is quenched, enabling sensitive detection of CN<sup>¯</sup> (619 nM). Beyond sensing, <b>Rh-Ph-Rh</b> can act as a molecular “memory” unit and displays notable electrical properties. Practical applications include rapid detection of Al<sup>3+</sup> and CN⁻ ions using filter paper strips and smartphone-based RGB colorimetric analysis. In biological assays using MCF-7 cancer cells, <b>Rh-Ph-Rh</b> exhibited anticancer effects that increased with higher doses (IC<sub>50</sub> = 31.357&#xa0;µg/mL), enabling fluorescence-based imaging of aluminum ions within cells. Tests in live <i>Daphnia magna</i> (water fleas) confirmed that a visible green glow could selectively identify Al<sup>3+</sup>. Taken together, these results suggest that <b>Rh-Ph-Rh</b> could be a valuable tool for environmental monitoring, biological imaging, and cancer treatment and diagnosis.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Naked-eye fluorescence sensing of aluminum using a bis(rhodamine)-phenyl hybrid for environmental monitoring and in vitro/in vivo bioimaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Kemal Yararli,
  • Abdullah S. Hussein,
  • Funda Keteci,
  • Ozge Turbedaroglu,
  • Buket Bakan,
  • Turgay Sisman,
  • Ozkan Aksakal,
  • Sinan Bayindir,
  • Ferruh Lafzi

摘要

A new probe, Rh-Ph-Rh, featuring two rhodamine groups attached to a phenyl ring, was developed. This hybrid compound serves multiple purposes: it turns on with a strong fluorescent signal in the presence of aluminum ions (Al3+) and can detect them at concentrations as low as 358 nM. When both Al3+ and cyanide ions (CN⁻) are present, fluorescence is quenched, enabling sensitive detection of CN¯ (619 nM). Beyond sensing, Rh-Ph-Rh can act as a molecular “memory” unit and displays notable electrical properties. Practical applications include rapid detection of Al3+ and CN⁻ ions using filter paper strips and smartphone-based RGB colorimetric analysis. In biological assays using MCF-7 cancer cells, Rh-Ph-Rh exhibited anticancer effects that increased with higher doses (IC50 = 31.357 µg/mL), enabling fluorescence-based imaging of aluminum ions within cells. Tests in live Daphnia magna (water fleas) confirmed that a visible green glow could selectively identify Al3+. Taken together, these results suggest that Rh-Ph-Rh could be a valuable tool for environmental monitoring, biological imaging, and cancer treatment and diagnosis.

Graphical abstract