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<p>Prussian blue analogs (PBA) were etched with a weak base and subsequently sulfurized to regulate the oxygen vacancy content, leading to the preparation of defect-rich spinel bimetallic oxide NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. This approach successfully constructed a gas sensor with high response and excellent stability, and the material was systematically characterized. The results show that weak base etching regulates the morphology of PBA, and sulfur doping is employed to control the oxygen vacancy content. Gas sensing results confirmed that the modified NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NCs@S exhibited superior n-butanol gas sensing performance. Specifically, the sensing response of NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NCs@S to 100&#xa0;ppm n-butanol at 275&#xa0;°C reached 59.29, representing a 9.9-fold enhancement compared with NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-PBA (response = 5.98). In addition, comprehensive tests demonstrate that the sensor possesses reliable selectivity, long-term stability and repeatability. To investigate the sensing mechanism, UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemical characterizations were performed to verify that oxygen vacancies boost gas-sensing properties via band gap narrowing and electronic structure modulation. This work offers a novel strategy for developing high-response n-butanol gas sensors.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Oxygen defect engineering modifies NiFe2O4 for efficient detection of n-butanol gas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Zhikuan Liu,
  • Quan Diao,
  • Xiaonan Shang,
  • Genxing Zhu,
  • Shuai Cao,
  • Guangyuan Shi,
  • Mingli Jiao

摘要

Prussian blue analogs (PBA) were etched with a weak base and subsequently sulfurized to regulate the oxygen vacancy content, leading to the preparation of defect-rich spinel bimetallic oxide NiFe2O4. This approach successfully constructed a gas sensor with high response and excellent stability, and the material was systematically characterized. The results show that weak base etching regulates the morphology of PBA, and sulfur doping is employed to control the oxygen vacancy content. Gas sensing results confirmed that the modified NiFe2O4-NCs@S exhibited superior n-butanol gas sensing performance. Specifically, the sensing response of NiFe2O4-NCs@S to 100 ppm n-butanol at 275 °C reached 59.29, representing a 9.9-fold enhancement compared with NiFe2O4-PBA (response = 5.98). In addition, comprehensive tests demonstrate that the sensor possesses reliable selectivity, long-term stability and repeatability. To investigate the sensing mechanism, UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemical characterizations were performed to verify that oxygen vacancies boost gas-sensing properties via band gap narrowing and electronic structure modulation. This work offers a novel strategy for developing high-response n-butanol gas sensors.

Graphical Abstract