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<p>An atomically vanadium-decorated N-defect-rich graphitic carbon nitride (V-CNR-N<sub>d</sub>) nanozyme was rationally designed and synthesized via a facile one-pot strategy. The observed enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity is likely attributed to the synergistic effect of atomic V sites (V<sup>4+</sup>/V<sup>5+</sup>) and abundant N defects in the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> matrix, which appears to facilitate electron transfer and boost the production of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through a Fenton-like reaction, resulting in the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with a pronounced color change. Leveraging this, a cascade colorimetric biosensor was established by integrating V-CNR-N<sub>d</sub> with Sarcosine oxidase (SOX) for the specific detection of sarcosine (Sar). This platform showed a favorable linear range of 5–300 µM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.54 µM, combined with satisfactory anti-interference capability, stability, and reproducibility in complex matrices. Crucially, for real urine analysis, the platform delivered results in high concordance with a commercial assay kit, supported by satisfactory spiked recoveries of 94.32%–102.43% and low relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.87%–2.92%. Collectively, this work demonstrates a potential single-atom nanozyme-based cascade platform, offering a promising and non-invasive alternative for the clinical monitoring of metabolic disorders.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Single-atom vanadium anchored on N-defects g-C3N4 as intrinsic peroxidase mimetics for colorimetric assay of sarcosine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Xiuquan Xu,
  • Yaoyao Cao,
  • Xinyang Wang,
  • Xinye Xie,
  • Juan Li,
  • Yu Guo,
  • Song Zhang,
  • Yi Yao,
  • Haoyan Wu

摘要

An atomically vanadium-decorated N-defect-rich graphitic carbon nitride (V-CNR-Nd) nanozyme was rationally designed and synthesized via a facile one-pot strategy. The observed enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity is likely attributed to the synergistic effect of atomic V sites (V4+/V5+) and abundant N defects in the g-C3N4 matrix, which appears to facilitate electron transfer and boost the production of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through a Fenton-like reaction, resulting in the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with a pronounced color change. Leveraging this, a cascade colorimetric biosensor was established by integrating V-CNR-Nd with Sarcosine oxidase (SOX) for the specific detection of sarcosine (Sar). This platform showed a favorable linear range of 5–300 µM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.54 µM, combined with satisfactory anti-interference capability, stability, and reproducibility in complex matrices. Crucially, for real urine analysis, the platform delivered results in high concordance with a commercial assay kit, supported by satisfactory spiked recoveries of 94.32%–102.43% and low relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.87%–2.92%. Collectively, this work demonstrates a potential single-atom nanozyme-based cascade platform, offering a promising and non-invasive alternative for the clinical monitoring of metabolic disorders.

Graphical abstract