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<p>Vanadium-based metal–organic framework (V-BTC MOF) was synthesized via a solvothermal approach and explored as a smart, color-tunable fluorescent sensor for dopamine recognition. The framework was thoroughly characterized through FTIR, PXRD, FESEM, EDS, and BET analyses, while its optical properties were studied using UV-vis-absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity evaluation confirmed excellent biocompatibility of V-BTC, highlighting its suitability as a low-cost, user-friendly, portable, and real-time detection platform for biomedical applications. Upon dopamine addition, the MOF exhibited pronounced, concentration-dependent fluorescence quenching along with distinct visual color changes, facilitating direct and intuitive detection. The sensor demonstrated exceptionally low detection limits- 0.362 nM in water, 0.30 nM in HEPES, and 0.47 nM in PBS&#xa0;-&#xa0;well below physiological dopamine levels. Selectivity studies confirmed dopamine-specific recognition even in complex biological media such as human serum. Importantly, the pH-dependent optical transitions of V-BTC allow simultaneous sensing of pH-associated diseases, including urinary tract infections, gastric disorders, metabolic acidosis/alkalosis, and dermatological conditions, through distinct color changes. pH-dependent fluorescence investigations (pH range 2.2–14) indicated stability under near-neutral to mildly basic conditions, with vivid color transitions: orange-red in acidic, greenish-yellow near neutral, and blue-green in basic environments. Additional distinctions like green color in water, bluish-green in HEPES, and yellow-green in PBS, highlight the system’s optical versatility. This dual-mode, visually and fluorescently responsive platform opens a promising path for future research in real-time, portable diagnostics and broad-spectrum biosensing applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Low-surface-area V-BTC MOF as a color-switching platform for dopamine recognition and disease-related sensing across physiological and extreme pH conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Sachin Kumar,
  • Maridula Thakur,
  • Shalima Kumari

摘要

Vanadium-based metal–organic framework (V-BTC MOF) was synthesized via a solvothermal approach and explored as a smart, color-tunable fluorescent sensor for dopamine recognition. The framework was thoroughly characterized through FTIR, PXRD, FESEM, EDS, and BET analyses, while its optical properties were studied using UV-vis-absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity evaluation confirmed excellent biocompatibility of V-BTC, highlighting its suitability as a low-cost, user-friendly, portable, and real-time detection platform for biomedical applications. Upon dopamine addition, the MOF exhibited pronounced, concentration-dependent fluorescence quenching along with distinct visual color changes, facilitating direct and intuitive detection. The sensor demonstrated exceptionally low detection limits- 0.362 nM in water, 0.30 nM in HEPES, and 0.47 nM in PBS - well below physiological dopamine levels. Selectivity studies confirmed dopamine-specific recognition even in complex biological media such as human serum. Importantly, the pH-dependent optical transitions of V-BTC allow simultaneous sensing of pH-associated diseases, including urinary tract infections, gastric disorders, metabolic acidosis/alkalosis, and dermatological conditions, through distinct color changes. pH-dependent fluorescence investigations (pH range 2.2–14) indicated stability under near-neutral to mildly basic conditions, with vivid color transitions: orange-red in acidic, greenish-yellow near neutral, and blue-green in basic environments. Additional distinctions like green color in water, bluish-green in HEPES, and yellow-green in PBS, highlight the system’s optical versatility. This dual-mode, visually and fluorescently responsive platform opens a promising path for future research in real-time, portable diagnostics and broad-spectrum biosensing applications.

Graphical Abstract