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<p>A highly sensitive electrochemical aptasensor is presented for the detection of Mucin-1 (MUC1) based on a novel poly(3-thiophenecarboxylic acid)-ferric oxide-reduced graphene oxide (P3TCA-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-rGO) ternary nanocomposite. The Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-rGO binary nanocomposite was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method, which demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity towards the electrochemical reaction of potassium ferricyanide. To introduce carboxyl groups necessary for covalent binding with NH<sub>2</sub>-modified aptamers, 3-thiophenecarboxylic acid underwent in-situ oxidative polymerization on the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-rGO surface. The resultant P3TCA-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-rGO ternary nanocomposite was then immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), effectively enhancing signal amplification. The Fe₂O₃–rGO substrate provides catalytic signal amplification for the [Fe(CN)₆]<sup>3</sup>⁻/<sup>4</sup>⁻ redox reaction, while the P3TCA coating offers carboxyl groups for covalent aptamer immobilization. Target binding impedes electron transfer, causing a measurable decrease in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current proportional to MUC1 concentration. This novel aptasensor exhibited a wide dynamic detection range from 100&#xa0;pM to 100&#xa0;μM and an impressively low detection limit of 72&#xa0;pM. It also showed excellent reproducibility, stability, and high specificity in the presence of interfering proteins, making it highly suitable for detecting MUC1 in complex biological samples. The practical utility was validated by detecting MUC1 in artificial human serum, achieving recoveries from 94.8% to 108%. The aptasensor exhibited high specificity in the presence of interfering proteins such as Aβ1-40, α-synuclein, PSA, and BSA, and was successfully applied to detect MUC1 in artificial human serum with excellent recoveries. The integration of P3TCA, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and rGO in a single nanocomposite provided significant advantages in terms of electron transfer and stability, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the aptasensor. The combination of high sensitivity, specificity, and robustness positions this electrochemical aptasensor as a promising tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of cancer through MUC1 detection in clinical and biomedical applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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An aptasensor based on poly(3-thiophenecarboxylic acid)-ferric oxide-rGO ternary nanocomposite for ultrasensitive Mucin-1 detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Junwen Hu,
  • Chengxian Zhao,
  • Wenjuan Guo,
  • Renrong Lyu,
  • Yasong Li,
  • Ahmad Umar,
  • Ahmed A. Ibrahim,
  • Sheikh Akbar,
  • Sajid Ali Ansari

摘要

A highly sensitive electrochemical aptasensor is presented for the detection of Mucin-1 (MUC1) based on a novel poly(3-thiophenecarboxylic acid)-ferric oxide-reduced graphene oxide (P3TCA-Fe2O3-rGO) ternary nanocomposite. The Fe2O3-rGO binary nanocomposite was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method, which demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity towards the electrochemical reaction of potassium ferricyanide. To introduce carboxyl groups necessary for covalent binding with NH2-modified aptamers, 3-thiophenecarboxylic acid underwent in-situ oxidative polymerization on the Fe2O3-rGO surface. The resultant P3TCA-Fe2O3-rGO ternary nanocomposite was then immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), effectively enhancing signal amplification. The Fe₂O₃–rGO substrate provides catalytic signal amplification for the [Fe(CN)₆]3⁻/4⁻ redox reaction, while the P3TCA coating offers carboxyl groups for covalent aptamer immobilization. Target binding impedes electron transfer, causing a measurable decrease in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current proportional to MUC1 concentration. This novel aptasensor exhibited a wide dynamic detection range from 100 pM to 100 μM and an impressively low detection limit of 72 pM. It also showed excellent reproducibility, stability, and high specificity in the presence of interfering proteins, making it highly suitable for detecting MUC1 in complex biological samples. The practical utility was validated by detecting MUC1 in artificial human serum, achieving recoveries from 94.8% to 108%. The aptasensor exhibited high specificity in the presence of interfering proteins such as Aβ1-40, α-synuclein, PSA, and BSA, and was successfully applied to detect MUC1 in artificial human serum with excellent recoveries. The integration of P3TCA, Fe2O3, and rGO in a single nanocomposite provided significant advantages in terms of electron transfer and stability, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the aptasensor. The combination of high sensitivity, specificity, and robustness positions this electrochemical aptasensor as a promising tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of cancer through MUC1 detection in clinical and biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract