<p>Relying on a single biomarker in biomedical analysis is often insufficient for accurate disease or pathogen determination. A recent trend is using simultaneous multiplex detection of multiple biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy and throughput. To enable multiplex detection, we developed a series of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobes, referred to as nanoaggregate-embedded beads (NAEBs). These NAEBs were synthesized using three distinct Raman reporter molecules: Safranin O, ethyl violet, and cresyl violet acetate. By integrating the NAEBs with magnetic nanoparticles and a simple capillary magnetofluidic device, we developed a rapid and simultaneous multiplex detection platform for genetic analysis of an aquacultural pathogen <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (<i>VP</i>) for <i>pirA</i>, <i>pirB</i>, and <i>ompA</i> and genotyping of Alzheimer’s disease’s risk factor biomarker <i>Apoliproprotein E</i> (<i>ApoE</i>). For <i>VP</i> detection, a limit of detection (LOD) as low as ~ 10<sup>−16</sup> M and a broad dynamic range of six orders were found&#xa0;. For <i>ApoE</i> genotyping, the platform was capable of detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs429358 and rs7412 in the <i>ApoE</i> gene with a LOD of approximately 10<sup>−13</sup> M. These results highlight the potential of this SERS-based simultaneous multiplex detection platform for sensitive and quantitative determination of multiple DNA biomarkers as well as SNPs in complex biological matrices.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes for the simultaneous multiplex detection of characteristic DNA sequences: case studies of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms

  • Chih-Hsien Wang,
  • Yu-Chen Chou,
  • Hsin-Yun Li,
  • Yen-Ta Tseng,
  • Yu Ling Sun,
  • Pei-Chen Jen,
  • Shau-Chun Wang,
  • Lai-Kwan Chau,
  • Chung Lun Lu,
  • Yen-Ling Chen

摘要

Relying on a single biomarker in biomedical analysis is often insufficient for accurate disease or pathogen determination. A recent trend is using simultaneous multiplex detection of multiple biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy and throughput. To enable multiplex detection, we developed a series of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobes, referred to as nanoaggregate-embedded beads (NAEBs). These NAEBs were synthesized using three distinct Raman reporter molecules: Safranin O, ethyl violet, and cresyl violet acetate. By integrating the NAEBs with magnetic nanoparticles and a simple capillary magnetofluidic device, we developed a rapid and simultaneous multiplex detection platform for genetic analysis of an aquacultural pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) for pirA, pirB, and ompA and genotyping of Alzheimer’s disease’s risk factor biomarker Apoliproprotein E (ApoE). For VP detection, a limit of detection (LOD) as low as ~ 10−16 M and a broad dynamic range of six orders were found . For ApoE genotyping, the platform was capable of detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs429358 and rs7412 in the ApoE gene with a LOD of approximately 10−13 M. These results highlight the potential of this SERS-based simultaneous multiplex detection platform for sensitive and quantitative determination of multiple DNA biomarkers as well as SNPs in complex biological matrices.

Graphical abstract