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<p>A&#xa0;novel all-solid-state flexible electrochromic sensor without liquid electrolytes and external power sources is reported&#xa0;which simplifies device construction and instrumentation requirement and offers high stability and energy efficiency. A polyacrylamide hydrogel was used as the solid electrolyte, and prussian blue (PB) on one end of a flexible bipolar electrode (BPE) served as the electrochromic region. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) modified on the other pole of the BPE, as electron injection regions, recognized targets and formed a sandwich structure with the aptamer functionalized light-responsive zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (UiO-66) coated TiO<sub>2</sub> (Apt-UiO-66@TiO<sub>2</sub>) quantitatively. Under ultraviolet light-irradiation, the captured TiO<sub>2</sub>@UiO-66 triggered potential differences between the two poles of the BPE, causing the discoloration of PB. The degree of PB color change correlated with the concentration of bisphenol A (BPA) in the range 1.0 × 10<sup>–6</sup> to 1.0 × 10<sup>–12</sup>&#xa0;M. BPA could be quantified via the intelligent RGB analysis, and the limit of detection reaches 5.96 × 10<sup>–13</sup>&#xa0;M. The sensor has been applied to the assay of BPA in bottled water samples with satisfactory results. This all-solid-state flexible sensor can be integrated into flexible devices with enhanced portability for field applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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All-solid-state flexible visualization sensor based on sandwich structure and light-induced potential variation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Zheng Wang,
  • Jiayuan Zhu,
  • Ying-Zhuo Shen,
  • Cheng Ma,
  • Hongbo Li,
  • Wei Liu,
  • Xiao-Ya Hu,
  • Qin Xu

摘要

A novel all-solid-state flexible electrochromic sensor without liquid electrolytes and external power sources is reported which simplifies device construction and instrumentation requirement and offers high stability and energy efficiency. A polyacrylamide hydrogel was used as the solid electrolyte, and prussian blue (PB) on one end of a flexible bipolar electrode (BPE) served as the electrochromic region. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) modified on the other pole of the BPE, as electron injection regions, recognized targets and formed a sandwich structure with the aptamer functionalized light-responsive zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (UiO-66) coated TiO2 (Apt-UiO-66@TiO2) quantitatively. Under ultraviolet light-irradiation, the captured TiO2@UiO-66 triggered potential differences between the two poles of the BPE, causing the discoloration of PB. The degree of PB color change correlated with the concentration of bisphenol A (BPA) in the range 1.0 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–12 M. BPA could be quantified via the intelligent RGB analysis, and the limit of detection reaches 5.96 × 10–13 M. The sensor has been applied to the assay of BPA in bottled water samples with satisfactory results. This all-solid-state flexible sensor can be integrated into flexible devices with enhanced portability for field applications.

Graphical Abstract