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<p>Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by gradual loss of neuronal function and corresponding cognitive decline. Current detection methods include PET and MRI scanning, extraction of CSF fluid proteins which are invasive and painful. Hence, the development of a highly selective, cost effective and minimally invasive method for the detection of tau is clinically significant. In this work, we have fabricated an upconversion nanoparticle-FITC immunoprobe conjugate for the detection of tau from human serum. Initially, a blue-emitting Cit@NaYF<sub>4</sub>, Yb, Tm UCNPs is synthesised. To this, mAb-tau antibody is conjugated. Further, FITC dye is added to the system, where UCNPs-FITC fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism is exhibited resulting in fluorescence shift from blue to green emission upon NIR irradiation. Next, on introduction of tau to the system, the luminescence of UCNPs is recovered linearly in a concentration range from 63.89 to 377.35&#xa0;pg/mL, due to strong antigen–antibody interaction resulting in switching back to blue emission of UCNPs. The probe’s selectivity and sensitivity studies were evaluated and obtained a good recovery percentage in spiked human serum sample validating the feasibility of the probe in clinical diagnosis.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Upconversion nanoparticle-FITC conjugate as a fluorescence switching probe for the sensitive detection of Tau: an Alzheimer’s disease biomarker

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Merin K. Abraham,
  • Geneva Indongo,
  • Greeshma Rajeevan,
  • Arathy. B. K.,
  • Dheyaa Mohammed Dhahir,
  • Sony George

摘要

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by gradual loss of neuronal function and corresponding cognitive decline. Current detection methods include PET and MRI scanning, extraction of CSF fluid proteins which are invasive and painful. Hence, the development of a highly selective, cost effective and minimally invasive method for the detection of tau is clinically significant. In this work, we have fabricated an upconversion nanoparticle-FITC immunoprobe conjugate for the detection of tau from human serum. Initially, a blue-emitting Cit@NaYF4, Yb, Tm UCNPs is synthesised. To this, mAb-tau antibody is conjugated. Further, FITC dye is added to the system, where UCNPs-FITC fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism is exhibited resulting in fluorescence shift from blue to green emission upon NIR irradiation. Next, on introduction of tau to the system, the luminescence of UCNPs is recovered linearly in a concentration range from 63.89 to 377.35 pg/mL, due to strong antigen–antibody interaction resulting in switching back to blue emission of UCNPs. The probe’s selectivity and sensitivity studies were evaluated and obtained a good recovery percentage in spiked human serum sample validating the feasibility of the probe in clinical diagnosis.

Graphical Abstract