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<p> A&#xa0;facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis of dual-emission fluorescent carbon dots (D-CDs) is presented&#xa0;using giemsa stain and malic acid as precursors. The resulting D-CDs exhibit unique long-wavelength dual-emission properties with exceptional pH sensitivity across a broad range (3.0–10.0), showing particularly strong linear correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9927) in the physiologically relevant pH window (5.0–9.0). This pH-dependent behavior, combined with their excellent photostability, makes them ideal probes for biological imaging applications. The D-CDs also demonstrate selective detection capability for vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (VB<sub>12</sub>) through inner filter effect-mediated quenching of the green emission channel (520&#xa0;nm), achieving a wide linear detection range (2–120&#xa0;μM) with a low detection limit (0.96&#xa0;μM). Comprehensive biocompatibility assessments confirmed low cytotoxicity (&gt; 86% cell viability at 60&#xa0;μg·mL⁻<sup>1</sup>) and successful application in both cellular systems and zebrafish models. Their unique combination of dual-emission properties, pH sensitivity, selective molecular recognition, and excellent biosafety establishes D-CDs as a versatile platform for physiological monitoring and biomedical imaging applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Facile synthesis of long-wavelength dual-emissive carbon dots for multifunctional use in pH sensing, vitamin B12 detection, and bioimaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Xia Bian,
  • Xiaoye Wen,
  • Yongfei Huang,
  • Zhefeng Fan

摘要

A facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis of dual-emission fluorescent carbon dots (D-CDs) is presented using giemsa stain and malic acid as precursors. The resulting D-CDs exhibit unique long-wavelength dual-emission properties with exceptional pH sensitivity across a broad range (3.0–10.0), showing particularly strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.9927) in the physiologically relevant pH window (5.0–9.0). This pH-dependent behavior, combined with their excellent photostability, makes them ideal probes for biological imaging applications. The D-CDs also demonstrate selective detection capability for vitamin B12 (VB12) through inner filter effect-mediated quenching of the green emission channel (520 nm), achieving a wide linear detection range (2–120 μM) with a low detection limit (0.96 μM). Comprehensive biocompatibility assessments confirmed low cytotoxicity (> 86% cell viability at 60 μg·mL⁻1) and successful application in both cellular systems and zebrafish models. Their unique combination of dual-emission properties, pH sensitivity, selective molecular recognition, and excellent biosafety establishes D-CDs as a versatile platform for physiological monitoring and biomedical imaging applications.

Graphical Abstract