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<p>A&#xa0;3D Fe₂O₃/Fe–N-doped carbon aerogel nanozyme (Fe₂O₃/Fe-NCA) was constructed&#xa0;via a spatial confinement strategy. The synergistic effect between Fe₂O₃/Fe heterojunctions and the N-doped carbon matrix endows the material with dual enzyme-like activities: oxidase (OXD) and peroxidase (POD). By leveraging the high reactivity of its OXD, we have developed a colorimetric electrochemical sensing platform for the simultaneous detection of rutin (RU) and puerarin (PU). The colorimetric detection relies on the reaction between RU and PU and the superoxide anion radicals (O₂<sup>•⁻</sup>) generated by Fe₂O₃/Fe-NCA, achieving a wide linear detection range (RU: 5 ~ 700&#xa0;nM; PU: 2 ~ 100&#xa0;nM, 100&#xa0;nM ~ 1&#xa0;μM), with detection limits as low as 0.98&#xa0;nM for RU and 1.8&#xa0;nM for PU. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the abundant Fe<sup>2</sup>⁺/Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺ redox-active sites in Fe₂O₃/Fe-NCA, enabling an electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous detection of dual targets with a wide linear range (5&#xa0;nM ~ 150&#xa0;μM) and exceptional sensitivity (LOD: 1.13&#xa0;nM RU, 2.90&#xa0;nM PU). The proposed dual-mode sensor was successfully applied to spike recovery analyses of Xinkeshu capsules and puerarin powder, demonstrating strong practical applicability. This work demonstrates the dual enzyme-mimicking activity of Fe₂O₃/Fe-NCA and constructs the first dual-mode platform for RU/PU detection, offering an innovative approach for analyzing complex biological matrices.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Fe₂O₃/Fe-NCA heterojunction nanozyme with oxidase–peroxidase activities for dual-mode simultaneous detection of rutin and puerarin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Lanyue Wang,
  • Beibei Wang,
  • Kai Kang,
  • Congwei Li,
  • Zhenzhen Zhao,
  • Yuping Wang,
  • Xueping Ji

摘要

A 3D Fe₂O₃/Fe–N-doped carbon aerogel nanozyme (Fe₂O₃/Fe-NCA) was constructed via a spatial confinement strategy. The synergistic effect between Fe₂O₃/Fe heterojunctions and the N-doped carbon matrix endows the material with dual enzyme-like activities: oxidase (OXD) and peroxidase (POD). By leveraging the high reactivity of its OXD, we have developed a colorimetric electrochemical sensing platform for the simultaneous detection of rutin (RU) and puerarin (PU). The colorimetric detection relies on the reaction between RU and PU and the superoxide anion radicals (O₂•⁻) generated by Fe₂O₃/Fe-NCA, achieving a wide linear detection range (RU: 5 ~ 700 nM; PU: 2 ~ 100 nM, 100 nM ~ 1 μM), with detection limits as low as 0.98 nM for RU and 1.8 nM for PU. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the abundant Fe2⁺/Fe3⁺ redox-active sites in Fe₂O₃/Fe-NCA, enabling an electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous detection of dual targets with a wide linear range (5 nM ~ 150 μM) and exceptional sensitivity (LOD: 1.13 nM RU, 2.90 nM PU). The proposed dual-mode sensor was successfully applied to spike recovery analyses of Xinkeshu capsules and puerarin powder, demonstrating strong practical applicability. This work demonstrates the dual enzyme-mimicking activity of Fe₂O₃/Fe-NCA and constructs the first dual-mode platform for RU/PU detection, offering an innovative approach for analyzing complex biological matrices.

Graphical abstract