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<p>A&#xa0;novel ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on a hydrophilic/hydrophobic carbon dot (CD) pair is presented&#xa0;for sensitive detection of water in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Hydrophilic blue-emissive CDs (B-CDs) and hydrophobic orange-emissive CDs (O-CDs) are synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method, exhibiting distinct structural and optical properties. While B-CDs maintain stable fluorescence in both THF and water, O-CDs undergo aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching upon incorporation of water in THF. Leveraging this contrast, the B-CDs/O-CDs dual-emission system enables ratiometric quantification of water content in a wide range of 0–70% (v/v) with a low detection limit of 0.016%. The intensity ratio (<i>I</i><sub>orange</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>blue</sub>) and emission peak shift (Δ<i>λ</i><sub>orange</sub>) provide dual-mode detection, ensuring high accuracy. Additionally, a portable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film embedded with the CD pair allows smartphone-assisted on-site determination&#xa0;of water content, achieving recoveries of 91.0–114.0% in commercial THF samples. This work offers a cost-effective and instrument-free approach for water determination, with potential applications in solvent quality control and industrial process optimization.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Hydrophilic/hydrophobic carbon dot pair for ratiometric fluorescence sensing of water in tetrahydrofuran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Dongying Guo,
  • Hailiang Yang,
  • Yuankui Huang,
  • Yaoping Hu

摘要

A novel ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on a hydrophilic/hydrophobic carbon dot (CD) pair is presented for sensitive detection of water in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Hydrophilic blue-emissive CDs (B-CDs) and hydrophobic orange-emissive CDs (O-CDs) are synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method, exhibiting distinct structural and optical properties. While B-CDs maintain stable fluorescence in both THF and water, O-CDs undergo aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching upon incorporation of water in THF. Leveraging this contrast, the B-CDs/O-CDs dual-emission system enables ratiometric quantification of water content in a wide range of 0–70% (v/v) with a low detection limit of 0.016%. The intensity ratio (Iorange/Iblue) and emission peak shift (Δλorange) provide dual-mode detection, ensuring high accuracy. Additionally, a portable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film embedded with the CD pair allows smartphone-assisted on-site determination of water content, achieving recoveries of 91.0–114.0% in commercial THF samples. This work offers a cost-effective and instrument-free approach for water determination, with potential applications in solvent quality control and industrial process optimization.

Graphical Abstract