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<p> A novel fluorescent vesicular nanoprobe (RhB@HMCN<sub>x</sub>-PCL-PEG) is presented&#xa0;for lipase activity monitoring, leveraging the synergetic integration of nitrogen-deficient hollow mesoporous carbon nitride nanoparticles (HMCN<sub>x</sub>) and lipase-responsive amphiphilic block copolymers. The HMCN<sub>x</sub>, engineered via KSCN-assisted hydrothermal treatment, exhibits enhanced water dispersibility while remaining its hollow mesoporous structure, enabling efficient encapsulation of rhodamine B (RhB). Subsequent covalent conjugation of carboxyl-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (COOH-PCL-PEG) and self-assembly-driven vesicle formation establish a “signal-on” detection mechanism. Lipase-triggered hydrolysis of the PCL layer releases RhB, with fluorescence intensity quantitatively correlating to lipase activity. The nanoprobe achieves a low detection limit of 0.5&#xa0;mU&#xa0;mL⁻<sup>1</sup> (3σ) and a broad linear range (0.5 to 5 U mL⁻<sup>1</sup>). Remarkable selectivity against interferents (e.g., trypsin, α-amylase) and robust performance in real samples (milk, skin toner) underscore its practicality. This work not only advances carbon nitride–based nanomaterials for biosensing but also provides a platform for enzyme-responsive detection systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Target-responsive vesicular nanoprobe for fluorescent detection of lipase

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Sixuan Cheng,
  • Xiaomeng Zheng,
  • Ziming Li,
  • Yuting Zhong,
  • Hongsheng Han,
  • Xiaodi Zhu,
  • Xuetao Jia,
  • Peiqin Chen,
  • Lichan Chen

摘要

A novel fluorescent vesicular nanoprobe (RhB@HMCNx-PCL-PEG) is presented for lipase activity monitoring, leveraging the synergetic integration of nitrogen-deficient hollow mesoporous carbon nitride nanoparticles (HMCNx) and lipase-responsive amphiphilic block copolymers. The HMCNx, engineered via KSCN-assisted hydrothermal treatment, exhibits enhanced water dispersibility while remaining its hollow mesoporous structure, enabling efficient encapsulation of rhodamine B (RhB). Subsequent covalent conjugation of carboxyl-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (COOH-PCL-PEG) and self-assembly-driven vesicle formation establish a “signal-on” detection mechanism. Lipase-triggered hydrolysis of the PCL layer releases RhB, with fluorescence intensity quantitatively correlating to lipase activity. The nanoprobe achieves a low detection limit of 0.5 mU mL⁻1 (3σ) and a broad linear range (0.5 to 5 U mL⁻1). Remarkable selectivity against interferents (e.g., trypsin, α-amylase) and robust performance in real samples (milk, skin toner) underscore its practicality. This work not only advances carbon nitride–based nanomaterials for biosensing but also provides a platform for enzyme-responsive detection systems.

Graphical Abstract