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<p>An upconversion luminescence (UCL) nanosensor was developed based on the inner filter effect (IFE) mechanism. This involved the interaction between polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the oxidation product (oxDPD) of <i>N</i>,&#xa0;<i>N</i>-diethyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine (DPD). DPD was oxidized to oxDPD through the combined action of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). As a result, there was a large overlap between the UCL spectrum (545&#xa0;nm) of Er-doped UCNPs and the UV–Vis absorption spectrum (552&#xa0;nm) of oxDPD, which subsequently caused the quenching of UCL via the IFE. When 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) reacted with oxDPD, the absorption intensity of the resulting product at 552&#xa0;nm decreased, thereby restoring the intensity of UCL. Therefore, 6-MP can&#xa0;be sensitively detected according to the intensity change of UCL. The resulting detection range and the limit of detection (LOD)&#xa0;were 0–15&#xa0;μg·mL<sup>−1</sup> and 0.56&#xa0;μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The “off–on” UCL nanosensor designed for the detection of 6-MP exhibits the advantages of easy operation, rapid response time, and high sensitivity, demonstrating promising potential for application in clinical monitoring.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Upconversion luminescence nanosensor based on the inner filter effect for rapid detection of the anticancer drug 6-mercaptopurine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Pujian Zhuang,
  • Sisi Chen,
  • Ruichao Chen,
  • Zhiwei Chen,
  • Luodan Han,
  • Xi Zhang,
  • Xu Yao,
  • Fang Wu,
  • Dongmei Shi,
  • Jinghua Chen,
  • Jianming Lan

摘要

An upconversion luminescence (UCL) nanosensor was developed based on the inner filter effect (IFE) mechanism. This involved the interaction between polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated NaYF4:Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the oxidation product (oxDPD) of N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD). DPD was oxidized to oxDPD through the combined action of H2O2 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). As a result, there was a large overlap between the UCL spectrum (545 nm) of Er-doped UCNPs and the UV–Vis absorption spectrum (552 nm) of oxDPD, which subsequently caused the quenching of UCL via the IFE. When 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) reacted with oxDPD, the absorption intensity of the resulting product at 552 nm decreased, thereby restoring the intensity of UCL. Therefore, 6-MP can be sensitively detected according to the intensity change of UCL. The resulting detection range and the limit of detection (LOD) were 0–15 μg·mL−1 and 0.56 μg·mL−1, respectively. The “off–on” UCL nanosensor designed for the detection of 6-MP exhibits the advantages of easy operation, rapid response time, and high sensitivity, demonstrating promising potential for application in clinical monitoring.

Graphical Abstract