<p>The formation and progression of microvascular thrombosis are critical mechanisms underlying many vascular-related diseases. Therefore, replicating the microvascular blood flow environment in vitro and investigating the mechanisms of microvascular thrombosis formation are highly significant. In recent years, microfluidic chip technology has been extensively applied in in vitro research for its capability to systematically and comprehensively replicate the complex processes of microvascular thrombosis in laboratory settings. This review systematically examines the development and applications of microfluidic chip technology in microvascular thrombosis research. It begins with a brief summary of the technical features of microfluidic chip technology, followed by a detailed discussion of its applications in constructing in vitro microvascular models, investigating thrombosis mechanisms, and evaluating antithrombotic drug efficacy. Finally, the review summarizes the current research progress and discusses potential directions for future development. This&#xa0;review also&#xa0;systematically explains the breakthrough contribution of microfluidic chips from the perspective of engineering bionics and provides new insights for the pathological research and clinical management of microvascular thrombosis: constructing a high-precision physiological simulation system through bionic topology design and dynamic fluid regulation to achieve high-precision reconstruction of vascular dynamic microenvironment; based on the systems-level dynamics analysis, the dynamic evolution law of multi-factor synergy in the process of thrombosis is revealed; construct a drug-response evaluation system and establish a transformation bridge from micro-mechanism to clinical intervention. In summary, this review is expected to accelerate the development of targeted therapies and diagnostic tools for microvascular thrombosis.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>