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<p> A&#xa0;disposable, self-powered enzymatic biofuel cell (BFC) sensor integrated with a hollow microneedle array (HMNA) for glucose monitoring in interstitial fluid (ISF)&#xa0;is reported. The HMNA enables painless and minimally invasive ISF extraction. The BFC uses dehydrogenase (GDH) in conjunction with NAD<sup>+</sup>, diaphorase (DI), and vitamin K<sub>3</sub> (VK<sub>3</sub>) serving as electron transfer mediators as the anode catalyst and Prussian blue (PB) as the electrochromic cathode. Glucose oxidation at the anode generates electrons that cause PB to change the&#xa0;color at the cathode, allowing for visual glucose concentration determination. The open-circuit potential (OCP) of the sensor is 0.14&#xa0;V, with a maximum power density of 0.07 µW·cm<sup>−2</sup>, at a glucose concentration of 14&#xa0;mM. The sensor shows good performance in glucose sensing with a linear relationship between the R/B ratio and glucose concentrations ranging from 0 to 14&#xa0;mM. This disposable device offers a promising approach for non-invasive and self-powered glucose sensing.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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An electrochromism-equipped enzymatic biofuel cell system combined with hollow microneedle array for self-powered glucose sensing in interstitial fluid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月12日

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  • Nan Xiao,
  • Haotian Li,
  • Zheyuan Fan,
  • Fangfang Luo,
  • Dingxi Lu,
  • Wen Sun,
  • Zhanhong Li,
  • Zifeng Wang,
  • Yutong Han,
  • Zhigang Zhu

摘要

A disposable, self-powered enzymatic biofuel cell (BFC) sensor integrated with a hollow microneedle array (HMNA) for glucose monitoring in interstitial fluid (ISF) is reported. The HMNA enables painless and minimally invasive ISF extraction. The BFC uses dehydrogenase (GDH) in conjunction with NAD+, diaphorase (DI), and vitamin K3 (VK3) serving as electron transfer mediators as the anode catalyst and Prussian blue (PB) as the electrochromic cathode. Glucose oxidation at the anode generates electrons that cause PB to change the color at the cathode, allowing for visual glucose concentration determination. The open-circuit potential (OCP) of the sensor is 0.14 V, with a maximum power density of 0.07 µW·cm−2, at a glucose concentration of 14 mM. The sensor shows good performance in glucose sensing with a linear relationship between the R/B ratio and glucose concentrations ranging from 0 to 14 mM. This disposable device offers a promising approach for non-invasive and self-powered glucose sensing.

Graphical Abstract