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<p>A peanut shell-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) was developed&#xa0;for the sensing of caffeic acid (CA) in saliva samples using cheap miniaturized analyzer composed of a&#xa0;laptop and&#xa0;an electrochemical workstation. Peanut shells, sourced from abundant biomass residues, were used to fabricate magnetic biochar (MB) and pyrrole-functionalized magnetic biochar (PFMB) with varying pyrrole/Fe ratios through a&#xa0;hydrothermal process. The surface morphology and electrochemical properties of the synthesized PFMB material were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM, VSM, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The PFMB-modified SPE displayed excellent electrocatalytic response towards CA in a&#xa0;wide linear range from 10 to 600&#xa0;μM with a low limit of detection of 0.08&#xa0;μM. The enhanced electrocatalytic response could be ascribed to the synergistic effect of pyrrole-functionalized biochar and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> on the newly designed probe. Moreover, the fabricated sensor was successfully utilized for real-time detection of CA in various samples. Quantum chemical modeling was performed to confirm the relevant findings to clarify the structure–activity relationship of CA adsorption on biochar.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Electrochemical sensing of caffeic acid on natural biomass-pyrrole-functionalized magnetic biochar (PFMB) as promising SPE material

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月18日

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  • Imen Abidli,
  • Mohamed Bououdina,
  • Latifa Latrous,
  • Adel Megriche

摘要

A peanut shell-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) was developed for the sensing of caffeic acid (CA) in saliva samples using cheap miniaturized analyzer composed of a laptop and an electrochemical workstation. Peanut shells, sourced from abundant biomass residues, were used to fabricate magnetic biochar (MB) and pyrrole-functionalized magnetic biochar (PFMB) with varying pyrrole/Fe ratios through a hydrothermal process. The surface morphology and electrochemical properties of the synthesized PFMB material were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM, VSM, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The PFMB-modified SPE displayed excellent electrocatalytic response towards CA in a wide linear range from 10 to 600 μM with a low limit of detection of 0.08 μM. The enhanced electrocatalytic response could be ascribed to the synergistic effect of pyrrole-functionalized biochar and Fe3O4 on the newly designed probe. Moreover, the fabricated sensor was successfully utilized for real-time detection of CA in various samples. Quantum chemical modeling was performed to confirm the relevant findings to clarify the structure–activity relationship of CA adsorption on biochar.

Graphical Abstract