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<p>The widespread misuse of doxycycline hydrochloride (Dox) in livestock farming has necessitated the development of rapid and reliable methods for monitoring its residues in food products. Herein, a water-stable europium coordination polymer-Eu(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)1.5(H<sub>2</sub>O)ₙ (Eu-CP) with a layered structure was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal approach. Leveraging its dual-emission properties (455&#xa0;nm ligand-centered blue emission and 615&#xa0;nm Eu(III)-based red emission), we engineered a ratiometric fluorescence sensor (I₆₁₅/I₄₅₅) for Dox detection. The sensing mechanism involves synergistic effects of the antenna effect and Dox@Eu-CP complexation, enabling selective Dox recognition with a wide linear range (10–100&#xa0;μM) and a low detection limit (0.46&#xa0;μM, S/N = 3). To facilitate onsite analysis, a smartphone-integrated platform was developed, translating the Dox concentration-dependent color transition (blue → red) into quantifiable R/G values via a custom Android application. Practical applicability was demonstrated in milk samples, achieving recoveries of 82.4–119.4% (fluorescence) and 87.8–113.3% (smartphone) with RSD &lt; 5%. This work pioneers the integration of lanthanide coordination polymers with portable digital detection, offering a green and visual strategy for antibiotic residue monitoring in food safety.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Water-stable Eu(III) coordination polymer-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor integrated with smartphone for onsite monitoring of doxycycline hydrochloride in milk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月12日

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  • Cancan Zhang,
  • Xiaochen Deng,
  • Huanhuan Tan,
  • Xiaoxin Zhang,
  • Jiao Wu,
  • Yuyang Zhao,
  • Lingyan Zhao

摘要

The widespread misuse of doxycycline hydrochloride (Dox) in livestock farming has necessitated the development of rapid and reliable methods for monitoring its residues in food products. Herein, a water-stable europium coordination polymer-Eu(C2O4)1.5(H2O)ₙ (Eu-CP) with a layered structure was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal approach. Leveraging its dual-emission properties (455 nm ligand-centered blue emission and 615 nm Eu(III)-based red emission), we engineered a ratiometric fluorescence sensor (I₆₁₅/I₄₅₅) for Dox detection. The sensing mechanism involves synergistic effects of the antenna effect and Dox@Eu-CP complexation, enabling selective Dox recognition with a wide linear range (10–100 μM) and a low detection limit (0.46 μM, S/N = 3). To facilitate onsite analysis, a smartphone-integrated platform was developed, translating the Dox concentration-dependent color transition (blue → red) into quantifiable R/G values via a custom Android application. Practical applicability was demonstrated in milk samples, achieving recoveries of 82.4–119.4% (fluorescence) and 87.8–113.3% (smartphone) with RSD < 5%. This work pioneers the integration of lanthanide coordination polymers with portable digital detection, offering a green and visual strategy for antibiotic residue monitoring in food safety.

Graphical Abstract