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<p> Three-dimensional TiO<sub>2</sub> hierarchical nanowire arrays were synthesized&#xa0;featuring nanocavities via a hydrogen peroxide–assisted wet chemical reaction, followed by a simple liquid-phase deposition process. We subsequently decorated the TiO<sub>2</sub> arrays with dopamine, leveraging its enediol ligand for chelation. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a cofactor for over 300 dehydrogenases, serves as the targeted analyte to assess the PEC sensing performance of the sensor. The developed sensor exhibited a linear concentration range for NADH detection of 0.05 to 50 µM, achieving a high sensitivity of 0.29 μA∙μM<sup>−1</sup>∙cm<sup>−2</sup> and a low detection limit of 0.03 μM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3). Notably, PEC performance of the resulting sensor surpassed that of commercial TiO<sub>2</sub> (P25)-based sensors. The enhanced sensing capabilities can be attributed to several factors: the TiO<sub>2</sub> hierarchical nanowire arrays with nanocavities provide a larger surface area, abundant active sites, and shorter molecular diffusion lengths for surface adsorption and reaction, thereby reducing response times and improving sensitivity. Additionally, the coupling of TiO<sub>2</sub> with dopamine enhances visible light absorption and optimizes charge transfer dynamics. These findings open a new avenue for designing high-performance three-dimensional nanoarchitectures for PEC sensing applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Three-dimensional titania arrays coupled with dopamine for visible-light-induced photoelectrochemical sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月14日

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  • Zhencui Wang,
  • Jie Du,
  • Xianman Zhang,
  • Zhizhong Guo,
  • Zhenyu Zhang,
  • Wei Wen

摘要

Three-dimensional TiO2 hierarchical nanowire arrays were synthesized featuring nanocavities via a hydrogen peroxide–assisted wet chemical reaction, followed by a simple liquid-phase deposition process. We subsequently decorated the TiO2 arrays with dopamine, leveraging its enediol ligand for chelation. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a cofactor for over 300 dehydrogenases, serves as the targeted analyte to assess the PEC sensing performance of the sensor. The developed sensor exhibited a linear concentration range for NADH detection of 0.05 to 50 µM, achieving a high sensitivity of 0.29 μA∙μM−1∙cm−2 and a low detection limit of 0.03 μM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3). Notably, PEC performance of the resulting sensor surpassed that of commercial TiO2 (P25)-based sensors. The enhanced sensing capabilities can be attributed to several factors: the TiO2 hierarchical nanowire arrays with nanocavities provide a larger surface area, abundant active sites, and shorter molecular diffusion lengths for surface adsorption and reaction, thereby reducing response times and improving sensitivity. Additionally, the coupling of TiO2 with dopamine enhances visible light absorption and optimizes charge transfer dynamics. These findings open a new avenue for designing high-performance three-dimensional nanoarchitectures for PEC sensing applications.

Graphical Abstract