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<p>The deterioration of fissured rock masses in the hydro-fluctuation zone of reservoir bank slopes is significant under periodic reservoir water-level fluctuations, posing a potential threat to slope stability. To investigate this deterioration process, a periodic water–rock interaction test scheme was designed using a self-developed YRK-2 rock pressure and soak–air drying equipment. The macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructure of single-fissure sandstone were examined to reveal its deterioration mechanism. The results show that deterioration is relatively pronounced during the first two water–rock interaction cycles, whereas it becomes less significant during the last four cycles. Under periodic water–rock interaction, the deterioration degree of the mechanical properties of single-fissure sandstone varies with fissure dip angle. The deterioration is most significant at <i>β</i> = 30°, but relatively slight at <i>β</i> = 0° and 90°. With increasing water–rock interaction cycles, the difference in deterioration degree among specimens with different fissure dip angles gradually decreases. The crack initiation mode of single-fissure sandstone remains unchanged under periodic water–rock interaction. However, tensile failure gradually weakens, while shear failure becomes increasingly dominant, resulting in a transition in the macroscopic failure mode of specimens with different fissure dip angles. Particle Flow Code (PFC<sup>3D</sup>) simulations further indicate that the fissure dip angle controls force-chain deflection and stress concentration, thereby governing the paths of crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence. Periodic water–rock interaction mainly weakens the force-chain strength and the stability of the load-bearing skeleton, promotes microcrack propagation and coalescence, expands the crack distribution range, and makes the microcrack propagation directions more dispersed. These findings provide experimental and mesoscopic evidence for understanding the deterioration of fissured rock mass in reservoir bank slopes.</p>

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Evolution of Mechanical Properties in Single‑Fissure Sandstone Under Periodic Water–Rock Interaction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Zuosen Luo,
  • Shuqiang Dai,
  • Zuoxiang Zhu,
  • Huafeng Deng,
  • Jianlin Li,
  • Lehua Wang

摘要

The deterioration of fissured rock masses in the hydro-fluctuation zone of reservoir bank slopes is significant under periodic reservoir water-level fluctuations, posing a potential threat to slope stability. To investigate this deterioration process, a periodic water–rock interaction test scheme was designed using a self-developed YRK-2 rock pressure and soak–air drying equipment. The macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructure of single-fissure sandstone were examined to reveal its deterioration mechanism. The results show that deterioration is relatively pronounced during the first two water–rock interaction cycles, whereas it becomes less significant during the last four cycles. Under periodic water–rock interaction, the deterioration degree of the mechanical properties of single-fissure sandstone varies with fissure dip angle. The deterioration is most significant at β = 30°, but relatively slight at β = 0° and 90°. With increasing water–rock interaction cycles, the difference in deterioration degree among specimens with different fissure dip angles gradually decreases. The crack initiation mode of single-fissure sandstone remains unchanged under periodic water–rock interaction. However, tensile failure gradually weakens, while shear failure becomes increasingly dominant, resulting in a transition in the macroscopic failure mode of specimens with different fissure dip angles. Particle Flow Code (PFC3D) simulations further indicate that the fissure dip angle controls force-chain deflection and stress concentration, thereby governing the paths of crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence. Periodic water–rock interaction mainly weakens the force-chain strength and the stability of the load-bearing skeleton, promotes microcrack propagation and coalescence, expands the crack distribution range, and makes the microcrack propagation directions more dispersed. These findings provide experimental and mesoscopic evidence for understanding the deterioration of fissured rock mass in reservoir bank slopes.