<p>Rock-concrete composites are widely used in underground engineering, with their long-term stability governed by interface characteristics and creep behavior. To elucidate the influence of interface roughness on the triaxial creep behavior and meso-scale damage of rock-concrete composites, composite specimens with different interface roughness levels (JRC-0, JRC-2, JRC-4, and JRC-6) were prepared. Uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, and multi-stage triaxial creep tests were conducted. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to analyze internal damage after creep failure. The results indicate that interface roughness significantly affects the strength properties and time-dependent deformation behavior of the composites. With increasing interface roughness, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus exhibit an overall increasing trend, whereas the triaxial compressive strength shows pronounced nonlinear variation with roughness under different confining pressures. During triaxial creep, both the creep strain and creep rate of the composites increase markedly with increasing stress level. Increasing interface roughness effectively suppresses interface slip and the development of creep deformation under high stress levels. An increase in confining pressure significantly reduces the magnitude of creep deformation and delays the onset of creep failure. The CT results show that the pore sizes of all specimens are mainly distributed in the range of 200–500&#xa0;μm. However, the pore structure undergoes a significant redistribution with changes in roughness, and both porosity and fractal dimension exhibit a trend of first decreasing and then increasing as roughness increases. The Burgers model can well describe the creep deformation characteristics of rock-concrete composites with different interface roughness levels.</p>