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<p>Water-coupled blasting is widely employed for sandstone fragmentation in tunnel excavation and mining engineering. This study investigates the fragmentation behavior, fragment morphological characteristics, and energy dissipation of soft and hard sandstones under water-coupled blasting through an integrated approach combining laboratory testing and finite element modeling. Five representative sandstones (yellow, red, grey, black, and white sandstone) with uniaxial compressive strengths ranging from 18.96 to 96.85&#xa0;MPa are selected. Cylindrical samples with a diameter and height of 200&#xa0;mm are used and subjected to water-coupled blasting under varying charge masses. After blasting, the sandstone fragments are sieved, weighed, photographed, and image-processed, and the energy utilized in rock fragmenting is calculated using Griffith fracture criterion. The fragment size distribution, shape parameter, and energy utilization patterns of different sandstones under water-coupled blasting are, thus, examined. Physical test results demonstrate a linear increasing trend between the average fragment size and sandstone strength under water-coupled blasting. The fraction of explosive energy consumed in rock fragmenting is about 55.91% greater in soft sandstone than in hard sandstone. Soft sandstone (yellow and red sandstone) produces a higher proportion of fine particles (&lt; 0.6&#xa0;mm), accounting for most of the fracture energy consumed (up to 92%), compared to hard sandstone (grey, black and white sandstone). In contrast, water-coupled blasting of hard sandstones generates more large fragments with a more non-uniform size distribution. Furthermore, the aspect ratios of fragments across all size fractions predominantly range from 0.6 to 0.8, and no significant correlation between the average aspect ratio of fragments and rock strength is found under the current testing. Besides, increasing the charge weight markedly enhances sandstone fragmentation and significantly reduces its average fragment size. Finite element modeling further analyzes the dynamic processes of stress wave transmission, crack growth and energy transformation during sandstone water-coupled blasting. The results indicate that soft sandstones undergo intense disintegration and thorough fragmentation under blast loading due to their low strength. In hard sandstones, stress waves attenuate more slowly, and their propagation and reflection dominate the energy dissipation and fragmentation patterns.</p>

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Investigation on Sandstone Fragmentation Behaviors Under Water-Coupled Blasting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Xudong Li,
  • Chuan He,
  • Guowen Xu,
  • Zhongwei Chen,
  • Peng Ying,
  • Yufeng Lin,
  • Zhixian Hong

摘要

Water-coupled blasting is widely employed for sandstone fragmentation in tunnel excavation and mining engineering. This study investigates the fragmentation behavior, fragment morphological characteristics, and energy dissipation of soft and hard sandstones under water-coupled blasting through an integrated approach combining laboratory testing and finite element modeling. Five representative sandstones (yellow, red, grey, black, and white sandstone) with uniaxial compressive strengths ranging from 18.96 to 96.85 MPa are selected. Cylindrical samples with a diameter and height of 200 mm are used and subjected to water-coupled blasting under varying charge masses. After blasting, the sandstone fragments are sieved, weighed, photographed, and image-processed, and the energy utilized in rock fragmenting is calculated using Griffith fracture criterion. The fragment size distribution, shape parameter, and energy utilization patterns of different sandstones under water-coupled blasting are, thus, examined. Physical test results demonstrate a linear increasing trend between the average fragment size and sandstone strength under water-coupled blasting. The fraction of explosive energy consumed in rock fragmenting is about 55.91% greater in soft sandstone than in hard sandstone. Soft sandstone (yellow and red sandstone) produces a higher proportion of fine particles (< 0.6 mm), accounting for most of the fracture energy consumed (up to 92%), compared to hard sandstone (grey, black and white sandstone). In contrast, water-coupled blasting of hard sandstones generates more large fragments with a more non-uniform size distribution. Furthermore, the aspect ratios of fragments across all size fractions predominantly range from 0.6 to 0.8, and no significant correlation between the average aspect ratio of fragments and rock strength is found under the current testing. Besides, increasing the charge weight markedly enhances sandstone fragmentation and significantly reduces its average fragment size. Finite element modeling further analyzes the dynamic processes of stress wave transmission, crack growth and energy transformation during sandstone water-coupled blasting. The results indicate that soft sandstones undergo intense disintegration and thorough fragmentation under blast loading due to their low strength. In hard sandstones, stress waves attenuate more slowly, and their propagation and reflection dominate the energy dissipation and fragmentation patterns.