<p>Ceramic materials are a special type of rock-like brittle material that are widely used in the industry. Determining the optimal manufacturing parameters to achieve high-performance manufacturing of slender ceramic components remains a pressing challenge with increasingly complex and diverse manufacturing systems. This study proposes a multi-objective sequential optimization strategy for centerless grinding with cup wheel for slender ceramic tubes to enable coordinated multi-dimensional control of precision, energy, and quality. Experimental design is employed to explore the parameter space and acquire prior knowledge. The inverse exploration of manufacturing parameters is achieved by combining the surrogate model, prior knowledge, and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), yielding a Pareto-optimal solution set of processing parameters. The results demonstrate that surface roughness is predominantly affected by grinding wheel grit size, while power consumption is mainly influenced by grinding depth in the centerless grinding with a cup wheel of slender ceramic tubes. Work height and work-rest angle improve roundness and cylindricity, whereas a 30° work-rest angle is optimal. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is demonstrated as more suitable as a surrogate model for capturing the relationships between multiple factors and targets. Applying the proposed strategy decreased roundness and cylindricity errors by up to 70.67% and 67.38%, respectively, while improving surface roughness by 5.18%. Power consumption can be reduced by optimizing grinding depth. This strategy provides a reference for the parameter optimization of the high-performance manufacturing of slender ceramic tubes.</p>