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<p>Serpentinization of mafic and ultramafic rocks generates geological hydrogen with the potential to provide a scalable, baseload, low-carbon energy resource. However, the physical and geochemical controls governing hydrogen generation rates remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of mineral specific surface area (SSA), grain sizes, fluid chemistry, temperature, pressure, mineralogy, and reaction time on hydrogen production using a comprehensive suite of batch reactor experiments. Our results demonstrate that hydrogen generation is strongly surface-controlled, with high SSA and fine-grained materials producing the highest initial hydrogen yields. Alkaline fluids substantially enhance reaction kinetics and hydrogen production, whereas temperature (within 200–280 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^\circ{\rm C}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mo>∘</mo> </mmultiscripts> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and pressure exert secondary controls over short experimental timescales. Temporal trends reveal nonuniform hydrogen generation behavior, characterized by rapid early stage reactions followed by fluctuations in production rates that correspond to variation in grain sizes of the solid reactants. These findings provide critical insights for field-scale resource screening and stimulation design. Our results further suggest that sustained in situ hydrogen generation will require strategies to continually expose fresh reactive surfaces. We propose that hierarchical fracture networks and reaction-driven cracking can enable self-sustaining hydrogen production in low-permeability mafic and ultramafic formations.</p>

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Experimental Parameterization of Geological Hydrogen Production via Stimulated Serpentinization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Zhidi Wu,
  • Xiaojing Ge,
  • Zhenghua Li,
  • Chelsea W. Neil,
  • Sai Wang,
  • Wenfeng Li

摘要

Serpentinization of mafic and ultramafic rocks generates geological hydrogen with the potential to provide a scalable, baseload, low-carbon energy resource. However, the physical and geochemical controls governing hydrogen generation rates remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of mineral specific surface area (SSA), grain sizes, fluid chemistry, temperature, pressure, mineralogy, and reaction time on hydrogen production using a comprehensive suite of batch reactor experiments. Our results demonstrate that hydrogen generation is strongly surface-controlled, with high SSA and fine-grained materials producing the highest initial hydrogen yields. Alkaline fluids substantially enhance reaction kinetics and hydrogen production, whereas temperature (within 200–280 \(^\circ{\rm C}\) ∘ C ) and pressure exert secondary controls over short experimental timescales. Temporal trends reveal nonuniform hydrogen generation behavior, characterized by rapid early stage reactions followed by fluctuations in production rates that correspond to variation in grain sizes of the solid reactants. These findings provide critical insights for field-scale resource screening and stimulation design. Our results further suggest that sustained in situ hydrogen generation will require strategies to continually expose fresh reactive surfaces. We propose that hierarchical fracture networks and reaction-driven cracking can enable self-sustaining hydrogen production in low-permeability mafic and ultramafic formations.