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<p>In tunnel engineering, the stability of bedded soft rock surrounding rock masses is predominantly controlled by pre-existing structural discontinuities such as bedding planes and joints. Leveraging this characteristic, this paper proposes a rock bolt support layout optimization method based on block-based discontinuity layout optimization. By discretizing the rock mass into discrete blocks and integrating a rock bolt energy dissipation model with an iterative optimization algorithm, the method achieves intelligent adjustment of bolt layouts and efficient material savings. Numerical analysis demonstrates that for shallow-buried bedded soft rock tunnels, the approach automatically identifies critical support zones and generates asymmetric bolt layouts adaptable to varying bedding dip angles, reducing average bolt material consumption by approximately 17.6% while maintaining safety factors. Optimized bolts predominantly distribute at angles of ± 45°– ± 135° relative to bedding planes, with uniform axial force distribution, effectively suppressing slip failures along discontinuities.</p>

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Rock Bolt Support Design for Bedded Soft Rock Tunnels Using Block-Based Discontinuity Layout Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Keqin Zhang,
  • Wei Wu,
  • Xiaoqing Cheng,
  • Hehua Zhu

摘要

In tunnel engineering, the stability of bedded soft rock surrounding rock masses is predominantly controlled by pre-existing structural discontinuities such as bedding planes and joints. Leveraging this characteristic, this paper proposes a rock bolt support layout optimization method based on block-based discontinuity layout optimization. By discretizing the rock mass into discrete blocks and integrating a rock bolt energy dissipation model with an iterative optimization algorithm, the method achieves intelligent adjustment of bolt layouts and efficient material savings. Numerical analysis demonstrates that for shallow-buried bedded soft rock tunnels, the approach automatically identifies critical support zones and generates asymmetric bolt layouts adaptable to varying bedding dip angles, reducing average bolt material consumption by approximately 17.6% while maintaining safety factors. Optimized bolts predominantly distribute at angles of ± 45°– ± 135° relative to bedding planes, with uniform axial force distribution, effectively suppressing slip failures along discontinuities.