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<p>The combination of abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting and in-situ stress-assisted rock breaking has significant potential for improving excavation efficiency in deep, high-stress rock masses. However, the mechanisms governing AWJ-induced rock fragmentation under stress remain insufficiently understood. In this study, a three-dimensional coupled Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics-Finite Element Method (SPH-FEM) model, validated by experiments, is developed to investigate damage evolution and energy characteristics under different stress conditions. Results show that increasing stress enhances rock strength, reducing fracture volume by 19.82%–23.43%. When stress exceeds 30 MPa, the failure mode transitions to brittle fracture, accompanied by reduced energy dissipation and increased energy conversion efficiency, with fracture volume increasing by 69.57%–154.61%. Stress path significantly affects damage behavior: biaxial and uniaxial vertical stresses promote fracture development, whereas parallel and deviatoric stresses inhibit crack propagation. When the stress direction is perpendicular to the jet, a coupled tensile-shear stress field forms, facilitating crack propagation and improving cutting depth and efficiency. An energy-based criterion incorporating pre-existing stress is further proposed to quantify rock-breaking efficiency. The findings provide new insights into stress-jet coupling mechanisms and offer a theoretical basis for optimizing AWJ cutting parameters in deep hard rock excavation.</p>

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Simulation of Rock Damage and Energy Evolution Mechanisms in Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Under in-Situ Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Lei Liu,
  • Zhaolong Ge,
  • Zhe Zhou,
  • Qinlin Deng,
  • Zhongtan Li

摘要

The combination of abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting and in-situ stress-assisted rock breaking has significant potential for improving excavation efficiency in deep, high-stress rock masses. However, the mechanisms governing AWJ-induced rock fragmentation under stress remain insufficiently understood. In this study, a three-dimensional coupled Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics-Finite Element Method (SPH-FEM) model, validated by experiments, is developed to investigate damage evolution and energy characteristics under different stress conditions. Results show that increasing stress enhances rock strength, reducing fracture volume by 19.82%–23.43%. When stress exceeds 30 MPa, the failure mode transitions to brittle fracture, accompanied by reduced energy dissipation and increased energy conversion efficiency, with fracture volume increasing by 69.57%–154.61%. Stress path significantly affects damage behavior: biaxial and uniaxial vertical stresses promote fracture development, whereas parallel and deviatoric stresses inhibit crack propagation. When the stress direction is perpendicular to the jet, a coupled tensile-shear stress field forms, facilitating crack propagation and improving cutting depth and efficiency. An energy-based criterion incorporating pre-existing stress is further proposed to quantify rock-breaking efficiency. The findings provide new insights into stress-jet coupling mechanisms and offer a theoretical basis for optimizing AWJ cutting parameters in deep hard rock excavation.